Развитие Медной Промышленности России И Монголии: Проблема Выхода На Внешние Рынки

The high importance of exports of mineral raw materials for the economy of Mongolia and the weakening of its foreign trade interactions with Russia are revealed. It has been established that the value of Mongolian exports for a number of mineral raw materials exceeds Russian ones and has serious growth prospects. Using the example of coal and copper exports, the real prerequisites for the emergence of risks of competition between the exporters of Mongolia and the eastern regions of Russia for foreign markets of mineral raw materials in the near future are revealed. From an economic and geographical point of view, the strengths and weaknesses of the competitiveness of Mongolia and Russia in these markets are compared. The main disadvantage for Russia in comparison with Mongolia is its less advantageous transport and geographical position relative to the key Chinese sales market. The main ways to reduce the severity of competition between exporters of Mongolia and the eastern regions of Russia for external raw materials markets in the context of modern geopolitical challenges are proposed: a wide diversification of export deliveries of mineral raw materials to many countries around the world (primarily a reorientation to East, Southeast, and South Asia) and an increase in processing into semifinished products or finished products.

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Geographical Structure of Foreign Trade of Mongolia: Intracontinentality, Bordercrosses and Features of Logistics

Fartyshev,

Bezrukov

2024

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Foreign trade is one of the phenomena most susceptible to the so-called spatial friction effect. This article provides an overview of the geographical structure of Mongolia’s exports and imports by remoteness zones, demonstrating the critical influence of its landlocked position. Examining the distribution of imports and exports, considering the degree of product processing, reveals that finished products have a more dispersed distribution across remoteness zones. In contrast, raw materials are primarily directed to the nearest zone. The article presents statistics on product transportability, understood as the price per unit weight, and its distribution by remoteness zones at border crossing points. It concludes that the most valuable cargo passes through border points with Russia, while raw materials with low transportability, primarily coal and copper, are transported through the Mongolian-Chinese points of Gashuunsukhait and Zamyn-Uud, mainly to the nearest zone. Field studies have revealed the specifics of logistics schemes for coal delivery to China from the Tavan Tolgoi deposit. These involve delivery by road trains or by rail in containers, which simplifies the transshipment process and mitigates the barrier factor of the difference in railway gauge between Mongolia and China. In the copper mining industry, Russia and Mongolia are entering into competition through the parallel development of their largest copper-gold reserves. To diversify Mongolia’s foreign trade and reduce its economic dependence on China, it is necessary to increase the processing of raw material exports into finished products, which can be achieved with the help of Russian high-tech companies.

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Развитие Медной Промышленности России И Монголии: Проблема Выхода На Внешние Рынки

Cited by 3 publications

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Industrial Production Potential and Foreign Economic Relations of Eastern Siberia

Industrial Production Potential and Foreign Economic Relations of Eastern Siberia

Economic and Geographical Problems in Interactions between Mongolia and Eastern Russia in Foreign Commodity Markets

Geographical Structure of Foreign Trade of Mongolia: Intracontinentality, Bordercrosses and Features of Logistics

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