Background. Arterial hypertension plays a decisive role in the development of atrial fibrillation, being the most important risk factor. Purpose. Analyze the literature on modern concepts of the relationship between blood pressure variability and atrial fibrillation. Material and methods. We analyzed 53 literature sources. Results. Information about the modern mechanisms of atrial fibrillation formation in arterial hypertension has been obtained. Approaches to the choice of antihypertensive therapy in patients with arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation have been described. Conclusions. Based on the studies presented in the literature, it was found that blood pressure variability has an additional contribution to cardiovascular risk. Reducing blood pressure variability can be added as one of the important strategies in the treatment of arterial hypertension and atrial fibrillation.