Сows behavior under different physiological states and keeping methods

Abstract

Taking into account the peculiarities of the behavior of cows, in particular in the conditions of modern intensive animal husbandry, is an important factor in ensuring the health of the herd and obtaining high-quality livestock products. Behavioral indicators can be effectively used to monitor animal feeding and housing conditions. The aim of the work was to get acquainted with the stereotype of behavior of cows in industrial conditions under different physiological conditions and methods of keeping. For this, a search, selection and analysis of publications was carried out according to the topic of the study. Web of Science Core Collection and PubMed scientometric databases were used to search for scientific articles. It has been established that in the conditions of modern dairy farms, cows should be in a lying position for about half of the daily time. The soft and dry surface of the couches, their sufficient spatial parameters, ensuring adequate conditions of the external environment (temperature, humidity, wind speed, lighting, etc.) The quality of rest also depends on the social environment, physiological state, individual characteristics of cows, etc. Providing free access to walking areas and pastures contributes to a more complete expression of the natural behavior of dairy cows. Cows prefer to stay outside the premises mainly at night. Open pastures are more attractive to cows than walking areas with sand or straw. Foraging behavior is an important factor in ensuring cow health and high milk productivity. It is determined by the parameters of cows' access to fodder and the fodder table, the quality, quantity and feeding algorithm of fodder mass. Feeding of cows should be organized in such a way as to ensure constant free access of animals to the feed table, constant satisfactory, without physical obstacles, availability of quality feed on the feed table. Maternal behavior of cows is an important indicator that allows you to assess the condition and conditions of keeping cows before, during and after calving. Therefore, changes in the behavior of cows can have important diagnostic and prognostic value. Conducting further research in this direction is an urgent task of veterinary science and practice. Key words: stereotypeof behavior, cows, methods of maintenance, calves, exercise, diet, dairy farms.