Introduction Dengue infection poses significant public health problems in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. The clinical manifestations of dengue vary from asymptomatic to severe dengue manifestations. This serological survey highlighted the high incidence of asymptomatic cases. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of dengue in healthy and ill adults in Bali. Methods Cross-sectional seroprevalence surveys were performed between July 2020 and June 2021 among healthy and ill adults in Denpasar Bali. Blood samples were collected from 539 randomly selected urban sites in Denpasar. Immunoglobulin G antibodies against the dengue virus were detected in serum using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Results Overall, the dengue seroprevalence rate among the 539 clinically healthy and ill adults was high (85.5%). The median age was 34.1 (18–86.1). Most of the participants in the study were younger than 40 years (61.2%). Men were the dominant sex (54.5%). The study found a significant association between dengue seropositivity among people aged > 40 years and healthy status (p = 0.005; odds ratio [OR] = 0.459 and p < 0.001; OR = 0.336, respectively). The study reported that as many as 60% of the subjects had a history of previously suspected dengue infection. This study reflected the proportion of asymptomatic dengue patients requiring better assessment with a serological test. Conclusion The current study highlighted that real cases of dengue infection may be higher than reported, with a high prevalence of dengue seropositivity and a relatively dominant proportion of asymptomatic cases. The study guides physicians to be aware of every dengue infection in tropical countries and prevent the spread of the disease.
Introduction: Dengue infection poses significant public health problems in tropical and subtropical regions all over the world. The clinical manifestation of dengue varies from asymptomatic cases to severe dengue manifestation. The detection of clinical cases enables us to measure the incidence of dengue infection, whereas serological surveys give insights into the prevalence of infection. This study aimed to determine the dengue prevalence among healthy adult patients in Bali. Method: Cross-sectional seroprevalence surveys were performed from July 2020 to June 2021 among healthy and adult patients in Denpasar Bali. Blood samples were collected from 539 randomly selected samples from urban sites in Denpasar. IgG antibodies against DENV were detected in serum using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. Results: Overall, the positive dengue seroprevalence rate among 539 clinically healthy adult patients was high (85.5%). The subject’s median age was 34.1 (range between 18-86.1) years old. Most participants in the study were younger than 40 years old (61.2%). The gender is dominated by males (54.5%). The study found a significant association of dengue seropositivity among people age more than 40 years old with healthy status ( p= 0.005 and p<0.001, respectively). Another seroprevalence study reported a lower rate of dengue infection in children in Indonesia (69.4%). The difference may be associated with less probability of Aedes bites among the children. The study reflected the proportion of asymptomatic dengue that needs better assessment with a serological test. Conclusion: The current study highlighted a high prevalence of dengue seropositive with a relatively dominant proportion of asymptomatic cases. The study guides the physicians o to beware of every dengue infection in tropical countries and prevents the spread of the disease.
Wastewater needs to be processed before being disposed of. Generally, the wastewater that produced by a hospital contains a lot of bacteria, viruses, chemical compounds, and drugs which can be harmful to the health of the surrounding community. For this reason, it is necessary to process hospital wastewater by using effective and efficient wastewater treatment technology. One of the processes of wastewater treatment is biological processing that uses microorganisms. The aim of this study is to isolate microbial that produce proteolytic capabilities that are potential in treating hospital wastewater. This research is a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were taken from the Wastewater Treatment Plant Installation of Kasih Ibu General Hospital in Denpasar. The screening of the proteolytic bacteria was done by growing the isolated culture on skim milk agar. The colonies that produce clear zone were identified as proteolytic bacteria. In this study, a total of 43 isolates were obtained and two isolates showed their proteolytic activity. Both isolates are Gram-positive cocci and Gram-negative bacilli.
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