Variations in the fruit morphological features ofCapsicum annuumvarieties were studied. Varieties studied include var.abbreviatum, var.annuum, var.accuminatum, var.grossum, and var.glabriusculum. The fruit morphology revealed attenuated fruit shape with rounded surfaces in var.glabriusculum, and cordate fruit shape with flexuous surface in var.annuum,abbreviatumandaccuminatum. The fruit is a berry and may be green, yellow, or red when ripe. The fruit epidermal cell-wall patterns are polygonal in shape with straight and curved anticlinal walls in all the five varieties. The fruit of var.abbreviatumand var.grossumis trilocular, while that of var.accuminatumandannuumis bilocular, and that of var.glabriusculumis tetralocular.Capsicum annuumvar.glabriusculumhad the highest mean number of seeds (108.4) and var.annuumhad the lowest number of seeds (41.3) per fruit. The fruit is conspicuously hollowed in var.glabriusculum,accuminatum, andannuumbut inconspicuously hollowed in var.abbreviatumand var.grossum. These features are shown to be good taxonomic characters for delimiting the five varieties ofCapsicum annuum.

Dioscorea alata L. has three stomatal complex types, namely, paracytic, anisocytic, and tetracytic stomata, with percentage frequency values of 50, 18, and 32, respectively. Dioscorea bulbifera has paracytic and anisocytic stomata, with percentage frequency values of 87.60 and 12.40, respectively. Dioscorea cayenensis has anisocytic stomata, with a percent­age frequency value of 100. Dioscorea dumetorum has tetracytic and paractytic stomata, with percentage frequency values of 91.05 and 8.95, respectively. Both D. esculenta and D. rotundata have paracytic stomata, with a percentage frequency of 100. The range of variation of stomatal density is from 10 (lowest value) in D. alata and D. dumentorum to 27 (highest value) in D. bulbifera. The stomatal index also varies, from 24 in D. alata to 47 in D. cayenensis. The size of stomata in all species is small, varying in length from 0.74 μm in D. alata to 1.79 μm in D. dumentorum. An indented dichotomous key based on stomatal features was constructed to distinguish and identify the species

-(Morpho-anatomical effects of sodium azide and nitrous acid on Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai (Cucurbitaceae) and Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae) ). Chemical mutagens (e.g. sodium azide and nitrous acid) are important tools in crop improvements because they produce resistance against pathogens in crops to improve their yield and quality traits. This study investigates the morphological and anatomical effects of sodium azide and nitrous acid on Citrullus lanatus and Moringa olefeira at various concentrations (1 mM, 2 mM, 3 mM and 4 mM) for 4 hours, and planted in plastic pots for 12 weeks observations. Results showed that sodium azide and nitrous acid have differential infl uenced on morphological features (stem height, leaf number and root length) in C. lanatus and M. olefeira respectively. Anatomical features (stomatal density, index and size) are more infl uenced by the sodium azide-treated plants in both plants than in the nitrous acid-treated plants. Both mutagens are more effective in the two plants than the control. Keywords: chemical mutagens, leaf, leaf anatomy, morphology, root, stem RESUMO -(Efeitos morfo-anatômicos da azida sódica e ácido nitroso em Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai (Cucurbitaceae) e Moringa oleifera Lam. (Moringaceae)). Os agentes mutagénicos químicos (por exemplo, azida de sódio e ácido nitroso) são ferramentas importantes na melhoria das culturas porque produzem resistência contra patogénios nas culturas para melhorar as suas características de rendimento e qualidade. Este estudo investiga os efeitos morfológicos e anatômicos da azida sódica e do ácido nitroso em Citrullus lanatus e Moringa olefeira em várias concentrações (1 mM, 2 mM, 3 mM e 4 mM) por 4 horas, e plantados em vasos plásticos para observações de 12 semanas. Os resultados mostraram que a azida sódica e o ácido nitroso têm infl uência diferencial nas características morfológicas (altura do caule, número de folhas e comprimento da raiz) em C. lanatus e M. olefeira, respectivamente. Características anatômicas (densidade, índice e tamanho dos estômatos) são mais infl uenciadas pelas plantas tratadas com azida de sódio em ambas as plantas do que nas plantas tratadas com ácido nitroso. Ambos os mutagênicos são mais efi cazes nas duas plantas que o controle.

Morphological parameters of several Jatropha species, namely Jatropha curcas L., Jatropha gossypifolia L., Jatropha podagrica Hook., Jatropha integerrima Jacq. and Jatropha multifida L. were subjected to quantitative analysis within the present study. Twelve traits of the leaves, fruits and seeds were analysed: leaf length, leaf width, leaf length/width ratio, petiole length, petiole width, fruit length, fruit width, fruit length/width ratio, seed length, seed width, fruit stalk length and fruit stalk width were subjected to Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. Highly significant positive correlations have been noted, while negative correlation was observed between leaf width and leaf length/width ratio, fruit width and leaf length/width ratio. Traits such as leaf length, leaf width and leaf length/width ratio contributed significantly along with other traits to discriminate the studied Jatropha species.  J. podagrica and J. integerrima were found to have more similarities, with a stronger coefficient of agglomeration (69.072) than J. curcas and J. podagrica with 315.028 coefficient of agglomeration respectively. The generated dendrogram showed the relationship between the studied Jatropha species, whereas great affinity was noted between J. podagrica and J. multifida as compared with J. gossypifolia and J. integerrima which are distantly related. The closeness observed between J. podagrica and J. multifida is in line with their current sub-generic grouping.

Adulteration of honey and bee-breads in the markets are becoming a matter of deep corncern. The aim of this study, therefore, is to authenticate the natural sources of the honey and bee breads produced by the University of Ilorin Apiary Farm and Jatropha Plantation. A microscopic survey of some pollen breads collected from the Apiary Farm of 6 colonies and Jatropha Plantation of one colony at the University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria revealed the presence of 9 types of pollens in honey-breads or bee-breads produced by the bees in the area under study. These pollen types include monoporate, salcate, triporate, tricolpate, pericolpate, panporate, biporate, salcate and vesculate. Monorate, colpate, triporate and panporate pollen types are the most frequent occuring in all colonies, followed by salcate, biporate and tricolpate. The least frequent types are pericolpate and vesculate pollens occuring only in the colony A. Density of each of these pollens were also determined in each colony. Some impurities were detected in colonies B, C and E. Panporate pollen of Jatropha curcas is of high frequency in the colony of Jatropha indicating that honeybees visit the Jatropha plants more frequently. So, the honey from the plantation might contain high percentage of panporate pollens. The honey produced at the Apiary and Jatropha Plantation at the University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria is based on this study. A polyfloral or multifloral type rather than unifloral or monofloral because it contains many types of pollen indicating its source from more than one plant sources or more than one nectars of different entomophilous plants exhibiting the presence of some anemophilous pollens.