Sleep is an important and complex physiological process that is necessary for the normal functioning of any organism. Sleep disorders diagnostics is an issue of interest in patients with acute ischemic stroke management. Currently these disorders are considered not only as a consequence of earlier stroke but as an acute cerebrovascular disease risk factor itself. Sleep disorders in patients with acute cerebrovascular disease can be presented in different types, including: insomnia, sleep apnea, central disorders of hypersomnolence, circadian rhythm sleep-wake disorders, parasomnias, sleep related movement disorders, unspecified sleep related disorders.There are very few publications on the subject of sleep disorders associated with acute ischemic stroke, despite the fact that imaging of each of these conditions separately occupies a significant place in radiology.Polysomnography is considered to be the gold standard in sleep disorders diagnostics. Contrary to that, the precise imaging of acute cerebrovascular accidents requires high-technology modalities, such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).The article represents a current literature review regarding radiologic methods in diagnostics of sleep disorders in patients with acute ischemic stroke anamnesis.

Acute mesenteric ischemia (AMI) is a rare vascular disease characterized by a high mortality rate with untimely diagnosis and treatment. The overall incidence is low, estimated at 0.09–0.2 % of all hospital admissions to emergency departments. One of the causes of acute mesenteric ischemia is acute arterial thrombosis, which is most common in the elderly.The problem of early diagnosis of acute mesenteric thrombosis is still relevant due to a non-specific clinical features. Computed tomography angiography (CT angiography) of the abdominal aorta and its branches is characterized by high sensitivity (85–98 %) and specificity (91–100 %). Computed tomography angiography is the gold standard for the diagnosis of acute mesenteric ischemia.The article discusses the use of computed tomography angiography (CT angiography) for visualization of acute mesenteric thrombosis.

Purpose. To moderate computed tomography angiography (CTA) of the heart scanning protocol in children with dilated cardiomyopathy and low left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) for optimal visualization of the heart and its major vessels.Materials and methods. We examined 38 patients aged from 9 months to 17 years, undergoing treatment at the cardiology department in the of the Rehabilitation Clinic for Children of the Almazov National Medical Research Centre. Firstly, all patients were performed echocardiography (Echo). Echo data evaluated LVEF. The patients were selected based on the clinical diagnosis, the LVEF index, the patient’s height (or the length of the scan area). 2 groups of patients with DCM (with low LVEF) were formed - younger and older patients; for each group was formed a control group of patients with normal LVEF values. All patients underwent CTA on a 128-sliced computed tomograph Ingenuity Elite (Philips, Netherlands) after a bolus intravenous contrast medium injection.Results. There was revealed a relationship between the start time of the scan and the LVEF, the patient’s height. For patients with low LVEF were created study protocols, where scan start time offset was set as: for the group 1 in the early arterial phase +3c, in the late arterial phase +5c, in the venous phase +15c; for the group 2 in the early arterial phase +5c, in the late arterial phase +5c, in the venous phase +29c.Conclusion. The moderated scanning protocol presents good contrast enhancement by chambers of the heart and its major vessels. It is necessary for an assessment of the anatomy and pathological changes. The identified criteria (LVEF, patient height) should be considered for CTA of the heart in children with dilated cardiomyopathy.

Introduction. The aim of the paper is demonstrating the possibilities of CT angiography in newborns with suspected combinations of a congenital heart defect and pulmonary malformations.Materials and methods. The article presents a clinical case of a rare constellation of horseshoe lung with hypoplastic left heart syndrome, right lung hypoplasia and intralobar pulmonary sequestration of the right lung.Results. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography is mandatory in visualization of rare complex congenital heart and bronchovascular anomaly.Discussion. Horseshoe lung is a rare congenital anomaly of childhood in which the caudal and basal segments of the lungs are joined together anterior to the aorta and behind the left ventricle. This anomaly was described for the first time by Spenser in 1962. Horseshoe lung is often associated with unilateral lung hypoplasia, most commonly involving the right lung, and can occur in conjunction with scimitar syndrome, which includes hypoplasia of the right lung, abnormal right pulmonary venous return, and abnormal arterial supply to the right lung.Conclusion. Presented case report demonstrates current postnatal examination possibilities (CT, angiography) in the diagnostics of a rare congenital heart and bronchovascular anomaly — hyperplastic left heart, intralobar pulmonary sequestration of the right lung, anomalous venous return, anomalous hepatic venous drainage. The incidence of this disorder is approximately 1–3 per 100 000 births.

Cardiovascular syphilis has a variety of localizations and signs including an aortic aneurysm. Syphilitic aneurysms are most commonly localized in the ascending aorta, less in the aortic arch and descending aorta. Multiple aneurysms of syphilitic etiology are rare. A clinical case of a 56-year-old patient with multiple aneurysms of the aorta and brachiocephalic trunk of syphilitic etiology has been reported. Computed tomography showed multiple aneurysms of various localization, rupture of the ascending aortic aneurysm with partial thrombosis, its localization and the formation of an aortopulmonary anastomosis. The data obtained made it possible to carry out surgical treatment.