Abstract. Urbanization phenomenon is a key role that contributes to the smart cities development. The expansion of urban growth requires everything to be smart and controlled by advance technology for efficient urban management. One of the important aspects that often overlooked in realizing smart cities is asset management. Asset management is an approach for managing, monitoring and maintenance of assets. Previous studies showed that there are several efforts in managing asset by integrating the asset with Geographic Information System (GIS). However, several limitations can be seen from the studies such as unavailability of real visualization and limitation on asset descriptions although we believe that 3D offers rich information and real visualization for asset management practice. Therefore, to achieve an effective asset management, we proposed to conceptualize the asset with the latest version of CityGML 3.0. The aim of this paper is to model the immovable asset using CityGML 3.0 concept. We adopted the concept of occupied and unoccupied spaces to model the public hall, owned by Johor Bahru City Council (MBJB). The hall was modelled based on point cloud data set from Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). The attribute data for the hall was stored in 3DCityDB for information retrieval and query. The result showed that the hall was successfully visualized and information regarding the asset can be retrieved. With this approach, it is believed that an effective 3D asset management system can be developed in the future, to ensure adequate system performance and effective cost operational.

Abstract. In recent years, there has been an increase in development of urbanization in the world. Nowadays, all communities in the world are concerned about current technological developments especially in terms of development and management that can facilitate their daily life. In urbanization, smart city is one of modernization changes that improves the infrastructure management, convenience and efficient for the life of citizens. Moreover, 3D asset management is one of the approach of smart city development. Asset management using the 3D concept has been witnessing a welcoming approach due to its high efficiency in organising multiple assets. 3D geometric extraction offers a perfect aid in recording information of an asset such as buildings. The model is derived from the reality techniques where the exterior surfaces of an object are captured in high resolution through the means of special equipment such as airborne imagery. From here, point clouds are generated where the sets of points based on the external surfaces of an object are present. Pre-processing of point clouds should be done in order to perform the 3D modelling. In dealing with point clouds, segmentations are used to investigate the structure of the object with information regarding to different level of sections. The boon behind this segmentation process is to identify different features that is available for the object. In this research, the aim is to analyse the different methodology and algorithm available to segment the point cloud data. Comparison between the results will be made to identify the advantages and disadvantages of the results for the use of asset management.

Abstract. The current trends of 3D scanning technologies allow us to acquire accurate 3D data of large-scale environment efficiently. The 3D data of large-scale environments is essential when generating 3D model is for the visualization of smart cities. For the seamless visualization of 3D model, large data size will be used during the 3D data acquisition. However, the processing time for large data size is time consuming and requires suitable hardware specification. In this study, different hardware capability in processing large data of 3D point cloud for mesh generation is investigated. Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) Airborne and Mobile Mapping System (MMS) are used as data input and processed using Bentley ContextCapture software. The study is conducted in Malaysia, specifically in Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur and Selangor with the size of 49 km2. Several analyses have been performed to analyse the software and hardware specification based on the 3D mesh model generated. From the finding, we have suggested the most suitable hardware specification for 3D mesh model generation.

Abstract. Smart Cities are the extensive use of the Internet of Things (IoT) and open data to optimise the flow of energy, people, and data, especially in city infrastructure, management, and services. Nowadays, city or building management has become widespread regarding smart city development. Moreover, Asset Management is becoming increasingly important for cities to have the conditions for continuous development, buildings and urban infrastructures that must be planned more efficiently and sustainably. On the other hand, asset management is no longer appropriate since the appearance properties, textures, and materials attached to city models drastically increase the loading time for visualisation and spatial analysis. Besides, different applications or users demand different Level of Details (LODs); hence, a suitable 3D indoor model is needed. However, the available models representing indoor spaces’ geometric and semantic information are rarely described. Thus, to achieve effective asset management, we proposed organising indoor movable assets of indoor building models using CityGML. This paper aims to model the indoor movable assets based on Level of Detail 4 (LOD4) using CityGML concept. There are several limitations of current indoor movable asset management practice, such as the unavailability of asset visualisation, outdated asset information, and a tedious filing system. Therefore, integrating indoor asset management and the CityGML seems to be a better option to manage the 3D asset management information efficiently. This study uses the 3D building model in level 4 (LOD4) to conceptualise and organise the indoor asset information and visualisation. The final output of this study is indoor asset information in LOD 4. Each of the components can be viewed individually together with its information. For future use, the model can be used to serve various smart city applications such as indoor navigation, design, and planning.

Abstract. Urbanization is the access to modernization and development around the world. Nowadays, with the current technology development, smart cities are seen as a new approach in urban management and development. 3D asset management is one of the components to support the idea of smart city. 3D asset management is important to assist the monitoring and maintenance of asset in smart city by enabling visualization of 3D models, locating and query in real-time based. In Malaysia, the government is looking seriously at the issues of asset management and maintenance. This is happened because asset management in present day is already moving towards the revolution of smart city but still considered as time consuming and open to human errors as the asset managers or authorities still considering on paper-dependent and manual inspection practise. In the past few years, Malaysia has developing an electronic-based asset management, MySPATA that is made prior to the inefficiency on the asset management system. MySPATA has been introduced as electronic based asset management solution for immovable assets that belong to various department and ministries. However, the creation of MySPATA is considered as bland and time-consuming as its application only storing and displaying asset information. Thus, the implementation of 3D asset management is required for a better and effective management. In this paper, we proposed the conceptual model of 3D asset management by incorporating with the new CityGML standard. The proposed 3D asset management is based on MySPATA module. CityGML plays an important role in demonstrating the 3D asset management for modelling, string and exchanging city models in the international standard. So, the 3D asset management is developed based on MySPATA module that integrated with new CityGML concept. Therefore, with this new approach and concept, the managing of assets will lead for better management and maintenance.