In order to preserve the genetic diversity of cultivars, it is recommended to develop documentation approaches through the registration of cultivar nomenclatural standards in accordance with the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants. The N.I Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources keeps developing this approach along with the DNA marker technologies: SSR genotyping and molecular screening with DNA markers of genes controlling valuable traits. In 2018, VIR, together with the leading national centre for potato breeding – the A.G. Lorkh All-Russian Scientific-Research Institute of Potato Farming (now the A.G. Lorkh Russian Potato Research Center), initiated the preparation of nomenclatural standards for potato cultivars bred both at the A.G. Lorkh institute and in co-authorship with other breeding institutions. This paper presents 30 nomenclatural standards which are maintained in the Nomenclature standard fund of the Herbarium of cultivated plants and their wild relatives and weeds (VIR Herbarium, WIR). Also, the paper presents genetic passports of the mentioned 30 cultivars, developed using DNA samples extracted from the plant material of nomenclatural standards. Genetic passports include information about the polymorphism of the 8 chromosome-specific microsatellites and data on the results of molecular screening with 15 markers of 11 genes conferring resistance to the most dangerous pathogens and pests: potato viruses Y and X, late blight and potato cyst nematodes. A comparison of SSR-profiles of nomenclatural standards with those of 66 cultivar samples obtained from various sources made it possible to verify authenticity and homogeneity of the latter.

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The present paper discusses methodological approaches to the creation of nomenclatural standards and genetic passports for Russian cultivars, currently being developed at the N.I. Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources (VIR) in collaboration with different breeding research centers. Plant material of potato cultivars bred in the Siberian Research Institute of Plant Cultivation and Breeding was collected by the cultivar creator A.D. Safonova in the experimental field of this institute and transferred to the VIR herbarium for preparation of their nomenclatural standards. Plant shoots and tubers of potato cultivars bred in other Siberian research centers in collaboration with the A.G. Lorkh All-Russian Research Institute of Potato Farming (VNIIKH) was collected by the representative of this institute in the experimental field of VNIIKH. As a result of joint research, nomenclatural standards were accomplished for 11 cultivars, namely ‘Аntonina’, ‘Zlatka’, ‘Lina’, ‘Lûbava’, ‘Nakra’, ‘Pamâti Rogačeva’, ‘Sarovskij’, ‘Safo’, ‘Solnečnyj’, ‘Tuleevskij’, ‘Ûna’** bred in five different Siberian breeding institutes including cultivars developed in collaboration with VNIIKH. Nomenclatural standards were prepared according to the ‘International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants’. DNA samples isolated from nomenclatural standards were used for preparation of genetic passports of these 11 cultivars. These genetic passports include information of the polymorphism of eight chromosome-specific microsatellites, data on the markers of 11 R-genes conferring resistance to various harmful organisms, as well as the information about cytoplasm types. Voucher specimens of additional three Siberian cultivars ‘Kemerovčanin’, ‘Kuznečanka’, ‘Tanaj’ and five Ural cultivars ‘Аlâska’, ‘Bravo’, ‘Irbitskij’, ‘Lûks’, ‘Terra’ from the Ural Research Institute for Agriculture were also registered in the VIR herbarium collection. For these eight cultivars, the genetic passports were not issued, but the results of SSR genotyping and molecular screening of voucher specimens performed with the same set of the DNA markers are presented in this report. A similar set of DNA markers was used for genotyping cultivar accessions from the in vitro and field collections of various institutes as well as cultivar specimens from eco-geographical tests performed within the framework of the Comprehensive Research Plan of the subprogram “Development of potato breeding and seed production in the Russian Federation”. The comparison of cultivar genetic passport data with genotyping results of specimens having the same name, but obtained from different sources made it possible to verify this plant material.

Potato virus Y (PVY) are among the most harmful viral pathogens that reduce the yield and quality of potatoes. The number of modern varieties resistant to a wide range of PVY strains is very limited, therefore, the selection of potatoes in this direction does not become irrelevant. Molecular markers of the Ry genes are universal tools for identifying new sources of resistance among existing biodiversity of potato genotypes. Since potato varieties and hybrids containing Rysto tend to exhibit cytoplasmic male sterility associated with mitochondrial DNA, the definition of cytoplasmic types is important. In the article, molecular markers of the Ry genes YES3-3A, YES3-3B, RYSC3, Ry186 were used for screening foreign and Russian varieties and hybrids potatoes from the collections of Lorch Potato Research Institute and N.I.Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources. Molecular screening and analysis of рedigree revealed that russian varieties and hybrids of potatoes characterized by extreme resistance to PVY were obtained on the basis of foreign varieties Alwara, Arosa, Bison, Bobr, Roko, as well as backcrosses of the Hungarian selection donors of the Rysto gene linked to cytoplasmic male sterility, and forms 128/6 a donor of the Ryadg gene, derived from S. stoloniferum. The marker RYSC3 coupled to Ryadg was found in interspecies hybrids of N.I.Vavilov Institute of Plant Genetic Resources 8-1-2004, 8-3-2004, 8-5-2004, 135-5-2005, 135-3-2005, having the same origin with the participation of S. okadae species K-20921 Hawkes et Hjerting and S. chacoense K-19759 Bitt. The marker Ry186 of the gene Rychc is rare. It is present in 5% of the potato genotypes. Molecular screening revealed samples of potatoes with markers of the Ry genes. They are of particular interest for further breeding. Data on the presence of Ry markers of genes in potato varieties and hybrids, serve as valuable information in the selection of initial forms for hybridization.

Актуальность. Картофельные цистообразующие нематоды (КЦН)-яв ляются объектами внешнего и внутреннего карантина растений. Выведе ние устойчивых сортов-основной способ борьбы с данными паразитами. Для повышения эффективности селекции на устойчивость к КЦН в по следнее время широко используются молекулярные маркеры. Во Всерос сийском научно-исследовательском институте картофельного хозяйства (ВНИИКХ) ДНК-маркеры генов устойчивости к КЦН применяются на разных этапах селекционных программ. Материал и методика. Прове ден скрининг более 450 образцов из коллекций ВНИИКХ и Всероссий ского института генетических ресурсов растений (ВИР) на устойчивость к КЦН с помощью классических и молекулярных подходов. Исследованы 57 образцов генетической коллекции ВИР; 144 образца из признаковых коллекций и 160 перспективных гибридов ВНИИКХ; более 90 генотипов из разных гибридных популяций. Результаты и выводы. Согласован ность между результатами молекулярного анализа и фенотипической устойчивостью к нематоде составила для маркеров гена H 1: 96% для 57R, 91% для N146, 90% для N195, 64% для TG689 и для маркеров гена G rol-4: 81% для Gro1-4 и 78% для Gro1-4-1. Выявлены случаи с «ложноотри цательными» (когда есть устойчивость, и нет маркера) и «ложноположи тельными» (есть маркер, но нет устойчивости) результатами исследова ний. Наиболее эффективным маркером для селекции картофеля на устой чивость к Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) Behrens является-57R, характе ризующийся высоким уровнем корреляции с признаком устойчивости к нематоде. Изучено наследование ДНК-маркеров генов H1 и G rol-4 в F 1 поколении, полученном от разных комбинаций скрещивания. В потом стве как по гену H1, так и по гену Gro1-4 наблюдалось расщепление 1:1. На основе маркер опосредованной селекции выделены гибриды картофе ля, обладающие более высокой системой защиты к КЦН,-2646-11, про исхождение: 92.13-186 (Gro1-4) х 91.30-66 [Россиянка (H1, Gpa2) х 88.34/14] и 1327-1, происхождение: Лира (Gro1-4) х Raja (H1, Gpa2). Оба гибрида содержат по три гена-H1, Gro1-4, Gpa2 и являются источника ми устойчивости к нескольким патотипам КЦН.