The Opposite Effect of Low Temperature on the Pho1a Starch Phosphorylase Gene Expression in Solanum tuberosum L. Tubers and Petota Species Leaves

Слугина, М. А.; Meleshin, A. A.; Кочиева, Е. З.; Щенникова, А. В.

doi:10.1007/s12230-019-09758-z

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…The high level of soluble sugars in the cell might serve as an osmoprotectant. In addition, the involvement of glucan phosphorylases in starch metabolism in response to abiotic stresses could be shown several times [4,31,57], so the activity was also examined for the potato cultivar used in the leaves in this study (Figure 8A). On the one hand, an increase in total phosphorylase activity was found during cold exposure, but on the other hand, a general enhancement in activity in the course of the light phase was observed, both for the plants exposed to cold as well as for the control plants.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has already been demonstrated that PHO1 plays a crucial role in starch synthesis, especially during cold. The enzyme is able to maintain activity at low temperatures and shows significantly increased substrate affinity under these conditions [4,57,58]. In contrast, there are indications that the cytosolic PHO2 is part of the net starch breakdown pathway [59].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Primary cold tolerance is the ability of plants to survive under low-temperature conditions without prior acclimatization and is essential for effectively handling unexpected temperature drops [3]. Among the biochemical changes caused by exposure to cold, the accumulation of soluble sugars [4][5][6][7][8][9] as well as hydrolysis of starch in chloroplasts [10,11] have long been known, but there are still many unresolved challenges. Undoubtedly, sugars that accumulate in plants exposed to cold play many vital roles beyond their primary role of being a source of energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Short-Term Cold Treatment on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Potato Leaves

Orzechowski

Sitnicka

Grabowska

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Plants are often challenged by an array of unfavorable environmental conditions. During cold exposure, many changes occur that include, for example, the stabilization of cell membranes, alterations in gene expression and enzyme activities, as well as the accumulation of metabolites. In the presented study, the carbohydrate metabolism was analyzed in the very early response of plants to a low temperature (2 °C) in the leaves of 5-week-old potato plants of the Russet Burbank cultivar during the first 12 h of cold treatment (2 h dark and 10 h light). First, some plant stress indicators were examined and it was shown that short-term cold exposure did not significantly affect the relative water content and chlorophyll content (only after 12 h), but caused an increase in malondialdehyde concentration and a decrease in the expression of NDA1, a homolog of the NADH dehydrogenase gene. In addition, it was shown that the content of transitory starch increased transiently in the very early phase of the plant response (3–6 h) to cold treatment, and then its decrease was observed after 12 h. In contrast, soluble sugars such as glucose and fructose were significantly increased only at the end of the light period, where a decrease in sucrose content was observed. The availability of the monosaccharides at constitutively high levels, regardless of the temperature, may delay the response to cold, involving amylolytic starch degradation in chloroplasts. The decrease in starch content, observed in leaves after 12 h of cold exposure, was preceded by a dramatic increase in the transcript levels of the key enzymes of starch degradation initiation, the α-glucan, water dikinase (GWD-EC 2.7.9.4) and the phosphoglucan, water dikinase (PWD-EC 2.7.9.5). The gene expression of both dikinases peaked at 9 h of cold exposure, as analyzed by real-time PCR. Moreover, enhanced activities of the acid invertase as well as of both glucan phosphorylases during exposure to a chilling temperature were observed. However, it was also noticed that during the light phase, there was a general increase in glucan phosphorylase activities for both control and cold-stressed plants irrespective of the temperature. In conclusion, a short-term cold treatment alters the carbohydrate metabolism in the leaves of potato, which leads to an increase in the content of soluble sugars.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Short-Term Cold Treatment on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Potato Leaves

Orzechowski

Sitnicka

Grabowska

et al. 2021

IJMS

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“…Reserve starch accumulation in potato tubers has been suggested to follow two interacting pathways depending on the environmental conditions ( Fettke et al., 2012 ). The high catalytic activity of Pho1 at lower temperatures as compared to ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGPase) has then been suggested to provide a complimentary pathway for starch biosynthesis at low temperatures in potato ( Fettke et al., 2012 ; Slugina et al., 2020a ; Mérida and Fettke, 2021 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pho1a (plastid starch phosphorylase) is duplicated and essential for normal starch granule phenotype in tubers of Solanum tuberosum L

et al. 2023

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Reserve starch from seeds and tubers is a crucial plant product for human survival. Much research has been devoted to quantitative and qualitative aspects of starch synthesis and its relation to abiotic factors of importance in agriculture. Certain aspects of genetic factors and enzymes influencing carbon assimilation into starch granules remain elusive after many decades of research. Starch phosphorylase (Pho) can operate, depending on metabolic conditions, in a synthetic and degradative pathway. The plastidial form of the enzyme is one of the most highly expressed genes in potato tubers, and the encoded product is imported into starch-synthesizing amyloplasts. We identified that the genomic locus of a Pho1a-type starch phosphorylase is duplicated in potato. Our study further shows that the enzyme is of importance for a normal starch granule phenotype in tubers. Null mutants created by genome editing display rounded starch granules in an increased number that contained a reduced ratio of apparent amylose in the starch.

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“…We assume that after 30 days of storage of physiologically dormant tubers, it can be considered as a short-term cold stress, during which the tubers accumulate a sufficient amount of reducing sugars for cold resistance, after which an equilibrium is established between the content of starch/disaccharides and the activity of enzymes for starch degradation. In addition, the participation of α-amylases (hydrolysis) (Zhang et al, 2014a) and plastid starch phosphorylase (phosphorolysis) (Slugina et al, 2020) in starch catabolism should be taken into account.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dependence of the content of starch and reducing sugars on the level of expression of the genes of β-amylases StBAM1 and StBAM9 and the amylase inhibitor StAI during long-term low-temperature storage of potato tubers

et al. 2022

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Solanum tuberosum L. is the most important non-grain starch crop with a potential yield of 38–48 t/ha and a starch content of 13.2–18.7 %. Potato tubers are stored at a low temperature (2–4 °C) in a state of physiological dormancy. A disadvantage of this type of storage is the degradation of starch and the accumulation of reducing sugars (cold-induced sweetening), including due to an increase in the activity of β-amylases that hydrolyze starch to maltose. In this study, a comparative analysis of the β-amylase (StBAM1, StBAM9) and amylase inhibitor (StAI ) gene expression, as well as starch and reducing sugar content in tubers during long-term low-temperature storage (September, February, April) was performed using potato cultivars Nadezhda, Barin, Krasavchik, Severnoe siyanie and Utro. The β-amylase genes, StBAM9 and one of the two StBAM1 homologs (with the highest degree of homology with AtBAM1), were selected based on phylogenetic analysis data. Evaluation of the expression of these genes and the amylase inhibitor gene showed a tendency to decrease in transcription for all analyzed cultivars. The starch content also significantly decreased during tuber storage. The amount of reducing sugars increased in the September–April period, while in February–April, their content did not change (Krasavchik), decreased (Barin, Severnoe siyanie) or continued to grow (Utro, Nadezhda). It can be assumed that the gene activity of StBAM1 and StBAM9 correlates with the amount of starch (positively) and monosaccharides (negatively). The level of StAI expression, in turn, may be directly dependent on the level of StBAM1 expression. At the same time, there is no relationship between the degree of cultivar predisposition to cold-induced sweetening and the expression profile of the StBAM1, StBAM9, and StAI genes.

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The Opposite Effect of Low Temperature on the Pho1a Starch Phosphorylase Gene Expression in Solanum tuberosum L. Tubers and Petota Species Leaves

Cited by 9 publications

References 46 publications

Effect of Short-Term Cold Treatment on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Potato Leaves

Effect of Short-Term Cold Treatment on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Potato Leaves

Pho1a (plastid starch phosphorylase) is duplicated and essential for normal starch granule phenotype in tubers of Solanum tuberosum L

Dependence of the content of starch and reducing sugars on the level of expression of the genes of β-amylases StBAM1 and StBAM9 and the amylase inhibitor StAI during long-term low-temperature storage of potato tubers

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