This research aimed to prove the existing natural transition of Metal Coordination Anthocyanin complex (MAC) from the freeze-dried of Java plum (Syzygium cumini) fruit and its role as free radical scavenging. The Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) analysis showed the presence of anthocyanin in the fruit, while transition metals of Fe, Cu, and Ni were also found as detected by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF). The Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) spectra revealed the interaction of organic functional groups with transition metals. These facts were supported by X-Ray Powder Diffraction (XRD) and polarizing microscope images which displayed both amorphous and crystallite microstructures related to organic and bioinorganic content in the fruit. The analysis of complex compound indicated the transition metal as coordinator atom and a cyanidin acts as a chelator among anthocyanins existing in the fruit. The paramagnetic property of MAC in the fruit as a free radical scavenger was demonstrated by the reduction of 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical intensity in the Electron Spin Resonance (ESR) spectrum. These findings suggested that S.cumini fruit contains naturally existing MAC.

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This study was conducted to observe the potential aphrodisiac activity of Gigantochloa nigrociliata in male mouse Mus musculus. The twenty four male mice, aged 12 weeks were divided randomly into four groups, each group consisted of 6 mice. One group was used as control (P0) where the mice were treated with aquadest. Three other groups were given treatment. The extracts contained of water (P1), etanol (P2), and n-hexane (P3). The animals in each treatment were treatments given 200 mg/kg bw Gigantochloa nigrociliata of extract orally (gavage) once daily as much as 0,2 mL for 33 days. The observations of sexual behaviour performed every three days during the treatment. Variables observed for the sexual behaviour are both the number and latency of mount and intromission. Mice were anaesthetized after 33 days. Cauda epidydimis were analyzed for motility, number and viability of sperms. The result showed that testosterone serum level increased significantly on etanol extract group (p<0.05). There were significantly increased the mounting number, intromission number with reduction in mounting latency, and intromission latency of male mice (P<0.05). There was significant an increase in the number of (a) sperm motility and number of sperm on etanol extract group (p<0.05). The results of the present study demonstrate that Gigantochloa nigrociliata extract improve sexual behaviour in male mouse. ABSTRAK Telah dilakukan penelitian mengenai potensi rebung bambu tabah sebagai bahan afrodisiak yang diujikan pada mencit jantan (Mus musculus). Sebanyak 24 mencit dikelompokkan menjadi empat perlakuan dan enam ulangan. Satu kelompok digunakan sebagai kontrol (P0). Tikus pada kelompok kontrol diberikan aquades. Tiga kelompok lainnya diberikan perlakuan ekstrak air bambu tabah (P1), ekstrak etanol bambu tabah (P2), dan ekstrak n-hexane bambu tabah (P3). Setiap hewan pada masing masing perlakuan diberikan ekstrak 200 mg/kg bb (bobot badan) sebanyak 0,2 mL ) secara oral selama 33 hari. Pengamatan perilakukawin berupa mount dan intromission dilakukan setiap 3 hari sekali. Setelah 33 hari hewan dikorbankan untuk dikoleksi epididimis bagian cauda yang digunakan dalam analisis spermatozoa dan pengambilan darah yang digunakan dalam analisis hormon testosteron serum. Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan uji one way Anova menunjukkan adanya perbedaan kadar hormon testosteron serum secara signifikan (p<0,05). Kelompok hewan dengan perlakuan etanol memiliki kadar hormon yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok lain. Kelompok hewan dengan perlakuan heksan memiliki kadar hormon terendah dengan perbedaan yang signifikan dibandingkan dengan kelompok perlakuan lain. Terjadi pula perbedaan motivasi seksual yang diamati pada perilaku kawin berupa mount dan intromission. Perbedaan jumlah dan waktu terjadinya mount dan intromission terjadi secara signifikan di antara kelompok perlakuan dan kontrol (p<0,05). Peningkatan jumlah mount dan intromission, serta semakin singkatnya waktu untuk mencapai mount dan intromission terjadi secara signifikan dibandingkan dengan kontrol dan diantara kelompok perlakuan (p<0,05). Hasil analisis data juga menunjukkan peningkatan motilitas spermatozoa tipe (a) yakni spermatozoa dengan gerakan yang progresif maju ke depan dan jumlah spermatozoa, terutama pada esktrak etanol rebung secara signifikan. Disimpulkan bahwa rebung bambu berpotensi sebagai bahan afrodisiak karena dapat meningkatkan hormon testosteron yang merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam pengaturan sistem reproduksi serta dapat meningkatkan motivasi seksual yang diuji pada mencit jantan.

This research evaluates the MDA levels, number and apoptosis of spermatogenic cells in Rat provided with duwet fruit extract and exposed to cigarette smoke towards. The study involved 4 experimental animal groups and 6 replications, where K0 was the negative control group, K1 was exposed the cigarette smoke, K2 was given orally duwet fruit, and K3 was given orally duwet fruit after being exposed to cigarette smoke. Therefore, data obtained were analyzed using One way Anova test. The results showed significantly lower number of spermatocytes and MDA levels in the testes in all groups compared to K1 at p <0.05. Spermatogenic cell apoptosis occurred in all groups, and there was also a high tendency for reduction in K2 compared to K1, although not significant at p > 0.05. In addition, apoptosis was expressed by Caspase 3 in the testes. The highest MDA levels found in K1. This phenomenon was assumed to have resulted in lower numbers of spermatocytes. These decreased number of spermatocytes were related with the decline in number of spermatogenic cells prone to apoptosis. In conclusion, duwet fruit had the ability to reduce free radicals with the tendency to inhibit spermatogenesis. This case features an increase in spermatocytes and a potential decline in the incidence of spermatogenic cell apoptosis.

Java Plum fruit can decrease free radical activities. The overwhelmed production of free radicals will reduce the immunity system in the body. This research aims to study the effects of java plum fruit extracts on leukocytes and histopathology of mouse lungs that have been exposed to cigarette smoke for 30 days. Frozen-dried java plum fruit is macerated with water. The mice are divided into Control groups (K-). The mice of the control group were given only water orally. (K+) are mice that are exposed to commercial cigarette smoke once a day. (RJ) were the mice exposed to cigarette smoke once a day as java plum fruit extract orally of 180 mg/kg body weight. (RF) were the mice exposed to cigarette smoke given with java plum fruit extract with 180 mg/kg of body weight that is applied on its filter. The results showed a significantly lower number of leukocytes (p < 0.05) in the K-,RF, and RJ groups compared to K+. Meanwhile, there was a significant increase in the number of lung pathological cells (p < 0.05) in the K+, RF, and RJ compared to the control group (K-). The results conclude that java plum fruit can reduce free radicals in animals affected by inflammation due to cigarette smoke particles in the lungs.