The present study was performed to elucidate the efficacy of Apis mellifera L bee venom (BV) or proplis (200 mg/kg orally for three consecutive days) on Schistosoma mansoni infected mice. The results recorded reduction in the total worm burden, numbers of immature eggs and the ova count in hepatic tissue in BV (sting or injection) or proplis treated groups as compared to the infected group. Histological examination illustrated a significant increase (P B 0.05) in the diameter of hepatic granuloma in BV treated groups (272.78 and 266.9, respectively) and a significant decrease in proplis treated mice (229.35) compared with the infected group (260.67). Electrophoretic pattern of RNA showed a decrease in mean of maximal optical density in liver and intestine of S. mansoni infected mice treated with bee venom (sting or injection) as compared with infected group. Flow cytometry analyses of RNA or apoptotic percentage of worms recovered from BV sting (19 and 49 % respectively); BV injected (20.5 and 51.17 %, respectively) and proplis (35 and 23.93 %, respectively) groups were compared with S. mansoni infected group (37.87 and 39.21 %, respectively). It can be concluded that administration of bee venom or proplis are effective in case of S. mansoni infection. Although bee venom cause increase of granuloma diameter and this might be due to venom concentration and further studies are required to avoid such harmful effect.

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The present work aimed to study the relation between honey bee colony collapse and the cell phone radiation. The study conducted at special apiaries at Sharkia governorate and the laboratories of Economic Entomology and Biochemistry Departments, Faculty of Agriculture, Menofiya University. Five hives of three bee hybrids were located closed to cell phone towers and 1 , 2 km far from towers, in addition ,bee workers were directly exposed to the waves of personal cell phone device. The obtained results in both of the two seasons indicated that the lowest values of colony strength, brood area, pollen area, and honey yield were recorded at the colonies under cell phone station and the highest values were showed at the colonies far from the cell phone station by 2 km. Statistical analysis of data indicated that there were significant differences in all values under study between hives closed to cell phone towers and those far from it. Furthermore, the biochemical parameters of exposed colonies to electromagnetic radiations of cell phone device showed significant increases in total carbohydrates, glucose, protein, total lipids and cholesterol compared with control. Vice versa , results indicated that there were significant decreases in acid and alkaline phosphates enzymes in the treated colonies compared with control. Finally, it could be concluded that cell phone radiation consider one of the major factors causing honey bee colony collapses and must be away from these radiations.

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