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Cereal grains considered one of the most important crops in Egypt and all over the world, these stored grains are infested with many insects that reduce their economic value and cause a significant problem for food security. The current study aimed to protect stored grains from infestation of different weevil species using plant oils as fumigants. Six plant volatile oils i.e., Garlic, Clove, Peppermint, Orange, Onion, and Camphor were used to determine the fumigant toxicity of oils the adults of Sitophilus granaries, Sitophilus zeamais and Sitophilus oryzae, as well as, percentages of total protein and total carbohydrates were determined in both healthy and infested seeds. The results indicated that Camphor 2.0 %, Orang 2% and Peppermint 2.0 %, respectively, were the most effective oils against the tested insects. The number of died Sitophilus granaries per 80 insects reached 74, 73 and 70 insect for Camphor 2.0 %, Orang 2% and Peppermint 2.0 %, respectively, after 10 day of application, while in S. zeamais were 72, 73 and 70 insect, respectively. The number of died S. oryzae per 80 insects recorded 78, 77 and 74 insect, respectively. The results also showed that the total protein and total carbohydrates were greatly affected by the infestation of insects. Finally, the fumigation with plant essential oils could be used as safe insecticide against stored product insects alternative to chemical pesticides.

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Menoufia governorate is one of the agricultural governorates that characterized by planting many variations of different crops, whether fruit, vegetables or field crops, especially the center and city of El-Sadat, which is considered the desert back of the province. Plant parasitic nematodes considered to be the most severe parasites that affect these plants, whether fruit, vegetables or field crops and cause significant economic losses. This study aims to identify the most important species of nematodes that infect some fruit trees and cause dislocated economic losses in the city of El-Sadat, Menoufia on four fruit trees, namely : orange -mango -grapespeach, also the most important nematode genera which infect five field crops and associated weeds (Clover and Cynodon dactylon weed), (Potatoes and Cyperus rotundus weed), (Wheat and Echino chloacolonum weed) &; (Beans and Sonchus maritima weed) & (Cabbage and herboid weed). Composite soil samples from the rhizosphere of the tested plants were monthly collected, at summer period (April 2017 -September 2017) and the others represented Winter period (October 2017 -March 2018).Samples were transferred to the laboratory where plant parasitic nematodes were extracted by modified Baermann funnels and nematodes were counted using dissecting microscope and identified using stereoscopic microscope.