Resumen La ventilación mec anica es capaz de producir y agravar el daño pulmonar y contribuir a la aparición de fracaso multiorg anico. Uno de los mecanismos descritos es la hiperoxia alveolar que, en modelos experimentales, conlleva una producción de radicales libres de oxígeno (O 2 ) que exceden las posibilidades de defensa celular, y dan lugar a inflamación, a sobreexpresión gen etica y a daño celular directo con fenómenos de necrosis y apoptosis. Los hallazgos en humanos no son tan concluyentes, sí est a claramente demostrada una alteración funcional debida a la exposición a la fracción inspiratoria de O 2 (FiO 2 ) elevada y a un mayor desreclutamiento pulmonar en los pacientes con lesión pulmonar, y que tanto la FiO 2 empleada como la presión arterial de oxígeno conseguida en las primeras 24 h de ingreso est an relacionadas con la mortalidad. Sería necesario realizar ensayos clínicos que evalúen cu al es el umbral de la FiO 2 y de la saturación de O 2 seguro. & 2009 Elsevier España, S.L. y SEMICYUC. Todos los derechos reservados.
KEYWORDS
Hyperoxia; Lung injury; Artificial respiration; Adverse effects; ComplicationsHyperoxia induced pulmonary toxicity Abstract Mechanical ventilation may cause and aggravate lung damage and contribute to the appearance of multiorgan failure. One of the mechanisms that has been described is alveolar hyperoxia. In experimental models, it has lead to the production of free oxygen radicals that exceed the cell defense capacity, giving rise to inflammation, cell damage and gene overexpression with necrosis and apoptosis phenomenon. However, these findings in humans are not as conclusive, although a functional alteration due to the exposure to high FiO 2 , and greater lung de-recruitment in patients with lung injury has been clearly demonstrated. Moreover, both the FiO 2 used as well as the PaO 2 achieved in the first 24 h of admission are associated with mortality. Clinical trials are needed that assess the threshold of the safe oxygen level for FiO 2 and oxygen saturation.
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