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A field study was conducted on the effect of nitrogen, phosphorus (NP), manure, NP+manure and control ( no fertilizer ) on essential oil content and chemical composition of Ajowan (Trachyspermum ammi) during 2002 and 2003. Increasing NP application rates had no effect on essential oil content in comparison to control, while manure applied seperately or with NP, increased essential oil content. Nine components have been identified in the oil of Ajowan seed. The major components of oil were thymol, δ-terpinene and ρ-cemene.Applying 90 and 60 kgha -1 or 20 tonha -1 manure increased thymol, and in contrast, decreased ρ-cemene . NP or manure did not influence the δ-terpinene. Compared to seperate application of NP or manure , NP + manure caused higher thymol. Whereas there were no significant difference between NP + manure treatments.