Introduction:Complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (previously called testicular feminization) is specified by a 46 XY karyotype and negative sex chromatin, bilateral undescended testes, female genitalia appearance, and lack of mullerian derivatives.Case Presentation:A 28-year-old woman with complete (severe) androgen resistance underwent prophylactic laparoscopic bilateral gonadectomy because of the eventually increased risk of gonadal malignancy. Although the gonads appeared grossly normal, microscopic examination revealed bilateral well differentiated sertoli–leydig cell tumor (SLCT).Discussion:Our Medline search revealed that this is the first reported case of bilateral sertoli–leydig cell tumor (SLCT) in androgen insensitivity syndrome.

BackgroundPostoperative pain is one of the most prevalent and bothersome issues found in the surgical department. Nowadays, there are various methods of acupuncture used for relieving pain without the complications found in some routine postoperative analgesics. These methods could be especially useful for high risk patients prone to complications from analgesics, such as transplantation recipients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of electro-acupuncture on postoperative pain control after inguinal surgeries.MethodsNinety male patients, who were referred to our department with indications of inguinal surgery, were included in the study and randomly divided into two groups, such as acupuncture and control. We used electro-acupuncture for the acupuncture group and no actual acupuncture (but placed needle electrodes similar to the acupuncture group) for the control group. Postoperative pain was quantified by a blind observer in both groups using a visual analogue scale (VAS) standard score before being compared.ResultsPain intensity and analgesic use were significantly higher in the control group (P < 0.05). In the acupuncture group, the VAS pain scores were significantly lower than the control group at 0.5, 1 and 2 hours post operation. When the opioid related side effects were compared for each group, the results showed that the number of subjects who experienced dizziness in the acupuncture group was significantly lower than the control group (P < 0.05).ConclusionsAcupuncture in patients, after inguinal surgery, can reduce the need of analgesics, which also directly reduces the complications that may occur when analgesics are used in relieving pain postoperatively.

Erectile dysfunction is a man's persistent or recurrent inability to achieve and maintain erection for a satisfactory sexual relationship. As diabetes is a major risk factor for erectile dysfunction, the prevalence of erectile dysfunction among diabetic men has been reported as 35% to 90%. This randomized, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial investigated the effects of a topical saffron (Crocus sativus L) gel on erectile dysfunction in diabetic men. Patients were randomly allocated to 2 equal groups (with 25 patients each). The intervention group was treated with topical saffron, and the control received a similar treatment with placebo. The 2 groups were assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire before the intervention and 1 month after the intervention. Compared to placebo, the prepared saffron gel could significantly improve erectile dysfunction in diabetic patients (P < .001). This preliminary evidence suggests that saffron can be considered as a treatment option for diabetic men with erectile dysfunction.

Four genotypically distinct strains of L. major collected from persons residing in different endemic areas of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Iran were evaluated in BALB/c mice. Parasite virulence was evaluated by measuring the parasite burden in the lymph nodes. Immunogenicity of the strains was assessed by analysis of cytokines mRNA expression levels in popliteal lymph nodes of the mice in early (3, 16, 40 h) and late (week 1, W3, W5 and W8) time periods after infection. The expression of cytokines mRNA, namely Ifng, Il2,Il4,Il10 and Il12, was quantitated by real-time PCR. The lowest and the highest parasite loads were induced by Damghan (2·15 × 10⁷) and Shiraz (9·59 × 10⁹) strains, respectively. Moreover, Damghan strain elicited higher expression levels of Ifng and Il2 mRNA and the highest ratio of Ifng/Il4 mRNA expression compared with the other strains at 40 h and 8 weeks post-infection. The results indicate that the inoculation of BALB/c mice with different strains induced high diversity in parasite burden and cytokines gene expression. Amongst the four strains, Damghan strain showed the lowest parasite load and the highest tendency to induce expression of Th1 cytokines gene and might be considered as a safe and immunogenic strain.