BackgroundTo evaluate the incidence of posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) induced by intravitreal injection of different intravitreal drugs.MethodsThis prospective observational study included 61 patients (61 eyes) with different underlying retinal diseases: exudative age-related macular degeneration (n = 47), cystoid macular edema (CME) after retinal vein occlusion (n = 8), and CME of other origin (n = 6). Bevazicumab (1.25 mg) was injected into 25 eyes, ranibizumab (0.5 mg) into 27 eyes, triamcinolone (4 mg) into six eyes, and a combination of bevacizumab and triamcinolone into three eyes. Patients with initial PVD were excluded. Patients were followed for at least 4–6 weeks after their last injection by Fourier-domain OCT, fundus biomicroscopy and ultrasound B-examination.ResultsOverall, 15 of 61 eyes developed a PVD after intravitreal injection (n = 6 after ranibizumab, n = 7 after bevacizumab and n = 2 after triamcinolon) within a mean follow-up period of 11.1 weeks. PVD occurred in three eyes after the first injection, in three eyes after the second, and in seven eyes after the third injection. Incidence of PVD correlated with increasing age.ConclusionIntravitreal injection of commonly-used drugs seems to induce posterior vitreous detachment, which may thus influence the outcome of the underlying disease.

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To evaluate a dose-response relationship by using Yokoyama procedure we compared a group of inhomogeneous cases with esohypotropia (EHT) associated with high myopia. We did a retrospective analysis of 7 cases with EHT associated with high myopia, who underwent Yokoyama procedure between 2014 and 2015. Pre- and postoperative orthoptic measurements as well as measurements of axial length were recorded. The average age ranged from 59.5 ± 2.8 (SD) years. The mean value of axial lengths was 32.7 ± 3.2 mm (29-36.4 mm). The angle of esotropia changed from 44.6 ± 35.2 prism dioptres (PD) to 11.4 ± 16.9 PD and the angle of hypotropia changed from 15.4 ± 4.7 to 2.2 ± 5.2 PD postoperatively. All patients underwent Yokoyama procedure with fornix incision, 3 patients with additional medial rectus recession. Abduction and supraduction improved after surgery. The average follow-up was 6 months, the postoperative outcomes were stable. The Yokoyama procedure with or without additional medial rectus recession is an effective surgical treatment of EHT associated with high myopia.

This paper summarizes the possible ocular manifestations of Churg-Straus syndrome (CCS) from the literature and presents an unusual case report from routine clinical practice with conjunctival granuloma, orbital pseudotumor and choroidal folds. The CSS is an ANCA-associated granulomatous vasculitis which can be manifested in various organs and represents a life-threatening situation for the patient. Ocular manifestations are rare and can spread to all segments of the eye and orbit. The most frequent forms of ocular involvement described in the literature are retinal occlusion and orbital pseudotumor with various degrees of expression.

A 22-year-old patient presented with persistent epiphora over a period of about 7 months. The clinical examination revealed a canalicular swelling in both lacrimal ducts, which postoperatively transpired to be an exophytic tumor. The histopathology result of the excised tumor showed an epithelial lesion, a partially inverted papilloma without malignancy. For tumors arising from lachrimal ducts the first-line therapy is complete tumor resection.