<p><strong>Background.</strong> The obvious expansion of mini-invasive technologies is looming large in surgical treatment of heart diseases. Hundreds of thousands of transcatheter aortic valve replacement procedures have been performed in the world today. The improvement in quality and the increase in life expectancy in cohorts of patients who until recently have been considered inoperable are now routinely achievable. A significant limitation of this method for Russian clinics is the absence of domestic transcatheter implantable prosthetic heart valves on the market. During the last five years, such devices have been developed at “MedEng” (Penza, Russia) scientific and production enterprise. We present the first Russian transcatheter aortic valve prosthesis, its leaflets made of polytetrafluoroethylene, components of the delivery system and implantation, as well as the hospital outcomes of clinical trials. <br /><strong>Aim.</strong> To evaluate the clinical and hemodynamic results of transcatheter aortic valve implantation using a “MedLab-KT” prosthesis during hospital stay.<br />Methods. A prospective study included 54 patients who underwent transcatheter repair of the aortic valve using a “MedLab-KT” prosthesis. To evaluate the frequency of complications, myocardial infarction, strokes, bleeding, deaths during hospital stay and gradient indices on the prosthesis, postoperative ultrasound examination data were obtained and analyzed. <br /><strong>Results.</strong> The results are comparable with those achieved by using the foreign models known from literature. <br /><strong>Conclusion.</strong> The clinical and hemodynamic results of using the “MedLab-KT” aortic valve prosthesis can be considered as satisfactory.<br /><strong>Keywords:</strong> polytetrafluoroethylene; transcatheter aortic valve implantation<br /><strong>Funding:</strong> The study had no sponsorship.<br /><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> The authors declare no conflict of interest.<br /><strong>Authors’ contribution</strong><br />Conception and study design: V.V. Bazylev, E.V. Rosseykin, A.B. Voevodin<br />Data collection and analysis: A.B. Voevodin, A.S. Zakharova<br />Statistical analysis: A.B. Voevodin<br />Drafting the article: A.B. Voevodin<br />Critical revision of the article: A.B. Voevodin<br />Final approval of the version to be published: V.V. Bazylev, A.B. Voevodin, A.S. Zakharova, E.V. Rosseykin<br /><strong>ORCID ID</strong><br />V.V. Bazylev, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6089-9722<br />A.B. Voevodin, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7078-1274<br />A.S. Zakharova, https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7239-2945<br />E.V. Rosseykin, https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0784-2246</p>
Aim: to assess cardiac conduction disturbances after transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) with the “MedLab-KT” device in early postoperative period.Methods. The study comprised 80 patients (mean age 72,4±5,1 years; 42,5% males) undergoing successful TAVR with the “MedLab-KT”. Before operation, all patients were evaluated with 12-lead ECG and 24-hour Holter monitoring, transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, computed tomography, coronarography. In 29 (36,3%) patients cardiac conduction abnormalities were detected before operation: 1st degree atrioventricular (AV) block was found in 17 patients, including concomitant left anterior hemiblock (LAH) in 7 patients, and right bundle branch block (RBBB) in 3 (LAH+RBBB). Second degree AV-block type 1 was found in 1 patient. LAH – in 2, RBBB – in 5, and left bundle branch block (LBBB) – in 4. Post-operative follow-up was limited to hospital stay (13,4±7,4 days).Results. De-novo conduction abnormalities (reversible and irreversible) were detected in 41 patients (51,3%). Post-TAVR complete AV-block was found in 6 (7,5%) patients, and required temporal pacing. In 4 of those patients AV-block was transient and resolved within 1 day. In 2 (2,5%) patients permanent pacing was required due to irreversible distal AV-block. In one case AV-block developed 2 days after TAVR in a patient with pre-existent 1st degree AV-block in combination with LAH+RBBB. Another patient developed complete AV-block at 3d day after TAVR; in this case there was pre-existent 1st degree AV-block plus LAH. Persistent interventricular block was found in 35 patients: complete LBBB - in 17 patients and complete RBBB – in 1 patient. There were no statistically significant predictors of conduction disturbance development following TAVR.
Цель. Оценить клинические и гемодинамические результаты транскатетерной замены аортального клапана протезом "МедЛаб-КТ". Материал и методы. "МедЛаб-КТ"-первая российская модель протеза клапана сердца, имплантируемая транскатетерно. Он представляет собой баллон-расширяемый стент, створки которого выполнены из пластин политетрафторэтилена толщиной 0,1 мм. Использование синтетического материала для изготовления запирательного механизма транскатетерного протеза клапана сердца в данном случае является приоритетным и беспрецедентным в мире. Причиной такого выбора послужила гипотеза об отсутствии биодеградации политетрафторэтилена в условиях организма. Механическая устойчивость клапана была проверена на пульс-дупликаторе с нагрузкой, эквивалентной 10 годам функционирования в аортальной позиции. В исследование вошло 69 пациентов, перенесших имплантацию протеза "МедЛаб-КТ". Одним из критериев исключения для выживших пациентов являлся период отдаленного наблюдения менее 6 мес. Оценивались выживаемость и частота развития клинически значимого инсульта, а также гемодинамические показатели по данным эхокардиографии в срок до 3 лет. 39 пациентов осмотрены очно, остальные прошли телефонное анкетирование. Результаты. Средний срок наблюдения составил 9,6 мес., максимальный-3 года. Большинство пациентов относилось к группе пожилого возраста (средний возраст 73,3 года). Для 51 пациента (74%) по версии шкалы EuroSCORE и для 37 (54%) по данным шкалы STS был определен высокий риск хирургического вмешательства: ≥8%. Летальность составила 13%, 6 смертей отмечено на госпитальном этапе, 3 пациентов умерло в отдаленном периоде. Инсультов не зарегистрировано. В группе очного осмотра средний градиент на протезе аортального клапана определён в 8,41±4,21 мм рт.ст.; недостаточность за счет парапротезных фистул не выше I степени отмечена у 7 пациентов (18%), не выше II степени в 1 случае; трансвальвулярной аортальной недостаточности не выявлено. Заключение. Результаты по исследуемым параметрам сопоставимы с данными, приводимыми зарубежными рандомизированными клиническими исследованиями импортных моделей транскатетерных протезов аортального клапана.
We compared the immediate outcomes of hybrid procedure and step-by-step internal carotid artery (CA) stenting and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) in high-risk surgical patients with combined lesions of coronary and carotid vasculature. The indications for hybrid surgery were identified. 50 patients with combined lesions of the coronary bed and the carotid vasculature were divided into two groups. The 1st group had 30 patients (60%), who first underwent CA stenting followed by CABG. The 2nd group included 20 patients (40%), who underwent hybrid procedures (simultaneous CA stenting and CABG). Patients with atherosclerosis of aortoiliac and femoropopliteal segments (p <0.0001) were by far more frequent in the hybrid procedures group. The 1st group was found to have no fatal outcomes. 3 patients (10%) experienced cerebral stroke. The hybrid procedures group had no deaths and cerebral stroke patients. 2 patients developed a myocardial infarction. None of the above indices was found to have statistically significant differences between the groups (р >0.05). On average, the patients of the 1st group were in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) for 2.91.9 days; the patients of the 2nd group stayed in the ICU for 3.96.4 days (р = 0.42). The average postoperative hospital stay for the 1 st group patients amounted to 10.84.5 days, while that for the 2nd group patients was equal to 10.85.8 days (р = 1). The groups were found to have no statistically relevant differences of complication risks, the length of ICU stay, and the total number of days spent in hospital. If patients with combined lesions of the coronary artery and the carotid artery also suffer from critical lower-extremity stenosis, a hybrid procedure allows surgeons to perform CA stenting.
Рецидив значимой митральной регургитации после пластики клапана традиционно требует реоперации: повторной реконструкции или протезирования. Для пациентов, относящихся к категории высокого хирургического риска, транскатетерная имплантация протеза в опорное кольцо, вшитое при первичной операции, является альтернативным вариантом радикального лечения. В данном сообщении представлены клинические предпосылки, технические особенности и непосредственные результаты успешной транскатетерной имплантации протеза клапана сердца МедЛАБ-КТ в митральную позицию после пластики опорным кольцом Карпантье у пациента 54 лет с высоким риском повторного открытого вмешательства.
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