Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut merupakan penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas penyakit menular dunia. Penyakit-penyakit berbasis lingkungan memang masih merupakan penyebab utama kematian di Indonesia. Penyakit ISPA di Indonesia berada pada 10 daftar penyakit terbanyak di rumah sakit. Berdasarkan laporan Dinkes Kota Makassar yang bersumber dari bidang Pengendalian Penyakit dan Penyehatan Lingkungan, penyakit ISPA menjadi penyakit utama nomor 1 di Kota Makassar diantara 9 penyakit lainnya dengan jumlah kasus ISPA tahun 2015 sebanyak 45.569 dan pada tahun 2016 sebanyak 44.819 kasus. Salah satu faktor yang dapat menyebabkan tingginya angka kejadian ISPA adalah faktor lingkungan fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar faktor risiko kualitas lingkungan fisik terhadap kejadian ISPA. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dengan sample berjumlah 59 orang yang selanjutnya diolah dengan uji crosstab. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada hubungan yang bermakna antara kepadatan hunian (OR=2.030, RR=0.635, 95% CI : 0.673-6.128), ventilasi (OR=0.814, RR=1.138, 95% CI : 0.280-2.369), jenis lantai (OR=0.768, RR=1.173, 95% CI : 0.155-3.802), jenis dinding (OR=5.294, RR=0.324, 95% CI :1.499-18.695) jarak antara rumah dengan jalan raya (OR=1.167, RR=0.909, 95% CI : 0.351-3.881) dan kebiasaan membersihkan debu dalam rumah (OR=1.228, RR=0.879, 95% CI : 0.422-3.572) dengan kejadian ISPA.

Menopause is a physiologic condition, in which women no longer experience menstruation. Decreased estrogen during and after menopause causes structural, physiological and biochemical changes that alter the health of women in general, both in organs and non-reproductive organs. Dayak onion contains eleuterinol, an naphtoqunone derivative that can be as SERM. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of dayak onions on lipid profiles and uterine wall. This study used female white rats of Sprague-Dawley. All groups, except the sham group, is ovariectomized to obtain the conditions of hypoestrogen. Rats were divided into 6 groups. SHAM (CMC Na 0,5%), OVX (CMC Na 0,5%), TAM (tamoxifen), DOE dose 1 (dayak onion extract 8 mg/200), DOE dose 2 (dayak onion extract 12 mg/200 g) and DOE dose 3 (dayak onion extract 18 mg/200 g). Mouse model of ovariectomy given 3 doses of extract, from giving each extract it was seen that the weight of uterine DOE dose 1, DOE dose 2 and DOE dose 3 respectively 55,24, 53,38 and 61,85 mg had lower uterine weight when compared with Positive control given tamoxifen 72.2 mg. The effects of onion on uterine weight reduction are greater than that of tamoxifen on the animal model menopause.

Diabetes Mellitus Type II is a metabolic disorder characterized by an increase in blood sugar due to decreased insulin secretion by pancreatic beta cells or impaired insulin function (insulin resistance). Risk factors for diabetes mellitus are age, sex, obesity, hypertension, genetic, food, smoking, alcohol, and lack of activity. Increasing cases of diabetes in Indonesia is a concern that must be followed up in real terms, especially for educators starting from the stage of detection to treatment to reduce prevalence. Diabetes Mellitus Type II is the focus of attention because it is a non-communicative disease that can be prevented through by changes of healthier lifestyle. In the prevention and treatment of Diabetes Mellitus Type II can utilize several types of local medicinal plants, namely brotowali plants, papaya and sugar cane which have antidiabetic substances. This study aims to determine the effect of brotowali fortification extracts of papaya leaves and sugar cane juice induced in mice (Mus musculus). This type of research is an experimental study that was be held in Laboratory of Department Biology Makassar State of University. Brotowali extract of fortified papaya leaves and sugarcane extract at a dose of 250 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW orally by mixing in drinking water of mice. Brotowali extract of fortified papaya leaves and sugar cane juice is expected to reduce blood glucose levels in mice. The results of this study will be used as a reference or reference in making Diabetes Mellitus Type II drugs from various types of herbal plants including extracts of fortification brotowali, papaya leaves and sugar cane juice.