Abstract-The introduction of microgrids in distribution networks based on power electronics facilitates the use of renewable energy resources, distributed generation (DG) and storage systems while improving the quality of electric power and reducing losses thus increasing the performance and reliability of the electrical system, opens new horizons for microgrid applications integrated into electrical power systems. The hierarchical control structure consists of primary, secondary, and tertiary levels for microgrids that mimic the behavior of the mains grid is reviewed. The main objective of this paper is to give a description of state of the art for the distributed power generation systems (DPGS) based on renewable energy and explores the power converter connected in parallel to the grid which are distinguished by their contribution to the formation of the grid voltage and frequency and are accordingly classified in three classes. This analysis is extended focusing mainly on the three classes of configurations grid-forming, grid-feeding, and gridsupporting. The paper ends up with an overview and a discussion of the control structures and strategies to control distribution power generation system (DPGS) units connected to the network.

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We present a high efficiency inverter (>90%) that can drive an acoustic cavitation reactor with a 2 kW power between 10 and 100 kHz. This reactor is composed of numerous piezoelectric transducers and is particularly used to accelerate various industrial chemical reactions and destroy a variety of organic contaminants in water. The class-D amplifier or inverter is composed of power MOSFETs, type IRFP460, in a full bridge configuration driven by IR2110 circuits in bootstrap mode. The specific nature of the problem comes from the fact that, at frequencies slightly different from a resonant frequency frn, the load is mostly capacitive. The insertion of an appropriate low-pass filter in front of the load allowed an efficient solution to the problem due to the load being capacitive for harmonics. The realized system can provide nearly 2 kW to this type of piezoelectric load, with an efficiency of more than 95%