This article deals with the research of glacial runoff. The general characteristic of glaciation of the northern slope of the Ile Alatau is given. The glacio-hydro-meteorological data of the glaciation zone, such as glacier morphometry, air temperature, precipitation, and river runoff, are collected and analyzed. The reconstruction of the annual runoff series of the studied rivers is carried out before the estimated period. The analysis of existing methods for calculating glacial runoff is performed. The glacial runoff of the Ile Alatau rivers is calculated for specific years of a long-term period by two methods: taking into account the runoff from individual morphological parts of the glacier and without dividing it into components (according to ablation formulas). For specific years 1955-2013, glacial runoff is calculated in six options for ten basins of the major rivers and along the slope as a whole, according to the formulas of different authors. The dynamics of glacial runoff is investigated. The trends of the further evolution of glaciation in this area are revealed. New dependences and formulas are proposed for calculating the temperature coefficients of snow and ice melting, as well as for determining the height of the firn line and the ablation value.

This article provides and analyses the detailed water balances of the Almaty city in regards to the water resources, the share of which for different water bodies is 50%, 75% or 95% at the present level of surface and groundwater use. We have quantitatively assessed such surface water resources for specific water bodies and for the whole city. We have analysed the field studies of channel water balances of small rivers conducted in 2006, 2007 and 2013 (Almaty city) to identify the areas of abstraction losses and groundwater outcrop in riverbeds. The water balance analysis shows that Almaty city suffers from significant deficits in water resources. On the basis of the population growth dynamics, we assume that it will only increase. We have clarified the methods for calculating hydrometeorological characteristics and gained the updated information about the stream flows in a number of control sections and the channel water balances of the Karasu.

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The article is devoted to the study of the flow of the rivers of the metropolis of Almaty. Small rivers of Almaty attract more and more attention every year, as their water resources are widely used for household and drinking needs, irrigation, energy, and for other purposes. The health and well-being of the population depends on their water content. The article analyzes in detail the conditions for the formation of the water flow of rivers crossing the urbanized territory of Almaty, climatic characteristics affecting the flow. The description of the methodology and the results of calculating the characteristics of the average annual water flow and intra-annual flow distribution are given. Changes in the characteristics of river flow caused by climatic factors of recent decades are estimated.

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