The attention of Russian and foreign scientists is focused on obtaining secondary plant metabolites, including phenolic compounds, due to their pharmacological activity. The Juglans regia L. pellicles are a promising raw source for the production of alkaloids, naphthoquinones (juglone), tannins and organic acids. In modern practice of obtaining biologically active substances from plant raw materials, intensive extraction methods are of particular interest. In this extraction method ultrasonic treatment is used to increase the yield and intensify the process of extracting biologically significant substances. Technological parameters of ultrasonic treatment must be selected individually for each type of plant raw material. The aim of the work was to study the effect of ultrasonic treatment on the yield of polyphenolic substances during extraction from the pellicles of breeding varieties Juglans regia L. It was found that the content of tannins in the pellicle biomass of the studied varieties Juglans regia L. varies from 5.2 to 7.3 g/100 g, phenolic compounds – from 17 to 18.2 mg/100 g. The highest content of these compounds was recorded in the pellicle biomass of the Valentina's Gift variety. It was found that ultrasonic treatment with a power of 200 W for 10 min contributes to the highest yield of polyphenolic substances in the extract from the pellicle biomass of the Valentina's Gift variety. However, the spectral profiles of hydroalcoholic extracts indicate the opposite: 200 W ultrasound reduces the intensity of the extraction of polyphenolic compounds.

Chlorella sorokiniana is a promising species for cultivation both in the laboratory cultivator and on an industrial scale. Its biomass is the source of many valuable components, including plastid pigments, which have high antioxidant activity. The metabolism of Chlorella sorokiniana is subject to change under the influence of various cultivation conditions. With dosed ultraviolet radiation, a compensatory increase in the synthesis of carotenoids is possible, which prevents oxidative stress. The cultivation of C. sorokiniana (strain 211-8k) was carried out in various conditions of illumination: the control version – illumination with a fluorescent lamp; option 1 – dosed periodic ultraviolet exposure every day for 15 min (spectral region of the light flux 280-315 nm (UV-B), intensity 1300 Lux) and further illumination with a fluorescent light; option 2 – ultraviolet irradiation for 30 min (spectral region of the light flux 280-315 nm (UV-B), intensity 1300 Lux) in the stabilization phase. Periodic ultraviolet irradiation negatively affects the growth of C. sorokiniana population, which manifests itself only on the 9th day, the biomass yield is significantly reduced. A single UV exposure for 30 minutes leads to a slight decrease in the yield of air-dried biomass, which can be compensated with a further increase in population. Periodic ultraviolet exposure leads to an increase in the synthesis of carotenoids, the yield in terms of dry biomass exceeds the control sample by an average of 30%. A single ultraviolet irradiation for 30 minutes in the stabilization phase leads to a decrease in the content of both chlorophyll and carotenoids in the biomass. Microscopic examination of microalgae populations showed that ultraviolet exposure leads to the appearance of cells with signs of apoptosis: large cells with large vacuoles, a condensed nucleus, and bleached chloroplast. A further direction of the study is the selection of conditions allowing to increase the yield of carotenoids with minimal loss of microalgae biomass.

Currently, malting barley is one of the most important crops that form the basis of the food business in the Russian Federation. Malting barley is imported to Europe, Asia, Africa and South America. While storing and transporting grain, its microbiological quality indicators play a very important role. Grain seeded with various microorganisms quickly loses its functional and technological properties, which negatively affects the quality of beer produced from it. According to the results of the studies, it was found that the contamination of barley with microorganisms is greatly influenced by various impurities that enter the grain mass during harvest. As well as various impurities in the grain mass of malting barley, the grains of other plants wheat, rye and oats were found in some samples in quantity of about 4%. There were also a lot of beaten barley grains, in some samples more than 2%. The moisture content of the grain mass also affects the seeding by microorganisms. Impurities had a higher humidity than grain, purified from impurities. To reduce the microbial contamination of brewing barley grains, it is necessary to thoroughly clean and refine the grain mass immediately after harvesting.

Аннотация. В статье рассмотрена возможность производства хлеба из пшеничной муки профилактического назначения с использованием плодоовощных добавок. При введении в тесто пектин содержащих веществ важным является изучение их влияния на рост и размножение Saccharomyces cerevisiae, так как продукты метаболизма дрожжей влияют на органолептические и физико-химические показатели качества готового хлеба. Результаты исследований показали, что из предложенного овощного сырья для введения в пшеничное тесто лучшим ингредиентом оказалась свёкла. Введение свеклы оказало положительное влияние на приготовление теста из пшеничной муки и на показатели качества готового хлеба: образец с добавкой свёклы имел привлекательный внешний вид. По физико-химическим показателям отвечал требованиям ГОСТ Р 58233. В 100 г хлеба с добавкой свёклы содержание пектина составляет 190 мг, что позволит рекомендовать его в качестве продукта профилактического назначения, так как профилактическая норма пектина, утвержденная ВОЗ, составляет 2-4 г в сутки.Ключевые слова: продукты профилактического назначения, рациональные нормы потребления, хлеб из пшеничной муки, пектин, овощные добавки, дрожжи Saccharomyces cerevisiae, микробиологические показатели качества дрожжей, активная кислотность, органолептические и физико-химические показатели качества хлеба.

Canning has been widely used in the food industry for many years. However, traditional methods of preserving fruit and vegetable products are not always effective, since it is extremely difficult to achieve the required market characteristics. In addition, thermal or chemical methods of canning vegetables reduce their biological value. These facts drive the search for new effective methods of canning. In recent years, manufacturers from different countries have been actively using various canning methods, including non-thermal ones. Innovative and unconventional methods of food processing make it possible to preserve the maximum amount of vitamins and biologically active substances in products. This paper considers the processing of vacuum-packed semi-finished products from potatoes and beets with water media subjected to electrochemical activation. Technological modes of electrochemical activation of water are proposed, including a method for processing semi-finished products with electrochemically activated water before vacuuming. The study proved the efficiency of utilization of the electrochemically treated water before vacuuming. Under these conditions, the shelf life of vegetable semi-finished products increases.