Thirteen different computer programs for glow curve analysis are compared. Eleven programmes used a shape of the glow peak based on the Randall-Wilkins model, but a variety of different approximations for evaluating the peak shape was noticed. Twelve programmes were able to reproduce the peak areas and activation energies of a synthetic glow curve according to the Randall-Wilkins model simulating a four peaks TLD-100 glow curve within 6.3%. Four programmes of those twelve were able to reproduce the input values within 0.4%. Clear differences in performance between the programmes are due to differences in approximations used in calculating the glow peak shape.
ResumenSe presenta un estudio comparativo del poder lubricante y la estabilidad oxidativa entre el aceite de ajonjolí y un aceite mineral, ambos sin aditivos. Se verificó el poder lubricante superior del aceite vegetal sobre el aceite mineral mediante ensayo de desgaste preventivo y presión extrema en un tribómetro cuatro bolas. Según el ensayo de absorción atómica, hay presencia de trazas metálicas provenientes de las esferas que están en contacto con el aceite de ajonjolí durante el desarrollo de la prueba de desgaste preventivo. Los metales catalizan la oxidación del aceite durante el ensayo de calorimetría diferencial de barrido disminuyendo la temperatura de inicio de oxidación. El ensayo de desgaste preventivo degradó parcialmente el aceite de ajonjolí aumentó el valor del peróxido. Este cambio en el aceite no fue posible detectarlo mediante espectroscopia infrarroja con transformada de Fourier y acidez. La estabilidad del aceite mineral es superior a la del aceite vegetal. Palabras clave: ajonjolí, tribología, estabilidad oxidativa, cuatro bolas, DSC Comparative Study of the Lubricating Power and Oxidative Stability between Sesame Oil and Mineral Oil 360Abstract A comparative study of the lubricant properties and oxidative stability of sesame oil and a mineral oil, without additives is presented. The superior power of vegetable oil lubricant compared to that of mineral oil was verified by preventive wear tests and extreme pressure in a four-ball tribometer. According to atomic absorption test, there are traces of metals in the areas that are in contact with the sesame oil during the development of the preventative wear test. These particles catalyze the oxidation of the oil during the differential scanning calorimetry test, decreasing the oxidation starting temperature. The preventive wear test partially degraded the sesame oil and increased the peroxide value. This change in the oil was not possible to find by Fourier transform with infrared spectroscopy and acidity. The stability of the mineral oil is superior to that of the vegetable oil.
This article presents the results of the comparison of two experimental studies to obtain biodiesel from castor and sunflower oils. During the development of the projects a standard methodology was adopted that defined the physical and chemical parameters of the biodiesel as a sunflower and Castor oil originated biofuel. To obtain a comparative model and maximize the performance of castor and sunflower oils, the NTC 100/04 standard was chosen, using the mix ratio 5, 10, and 20%, respectively, of biodiesel. Complying with the NTC 100/04 standard, the recommended parameters were followed in the tests performed to compare the results obtained. The methodology chosen allowed assessing the behavior of the combustion gases to achieve the final combustion composition, as well as the development of a comparison between the two biofuels with the fossil fuel (pure diesel) used in diesel engines in Colombia. This study was carried out in Bogotá (2600 m above sea level), and as a result there was a slight decrease in CO2 and CO output of combustion gases comparing the pure ACPM (oil fuel for engines) and the Biodiesel, for the various mixtures proposed under the ICONTEC norm.Keywords: Biodiesel, Biofuel, Environmental Sustainability, Transesterification. ResumenEste artículo presenta los resultados de la comparación de dos estudios experimentales para obtener biodiesel a partir de aceite de ricino y girasol. Durante el desarrollo de los proyectos se adoptó una metodología estándar que permitió definir los parámetros físicos y químicos del biodiesel como biocombustible proveniente del aceite de girasol e higuerilla. Para obtener un modelo comparativo y maximizar el rendimiento del aceite de higuerilla y el de girasol se trabajó bajo la norma NTC 100/04, donde se utilizaron la relación de mezcla 5,10 y 20%, respectivamente, de biodiesel. Cumpliendo con las normatividad de la NTC 100/04 se siguieron los parámetros recomendados en las pruebas realizadas para comparar los resultados obtenidos. La metodología utilizada permitió medir el comportamiento de los gases de combustión para obtener la composición final de la combustión y el desarrollo de una comparación entre los dos biocombustibles con el combustible fósil (diesel puro) que se utiliza en los motores diesel en Colombia. Este estudio se desarrolló a la altura de Bogotá (2600 msnm) y como resultado se determinó una leve disminución de CO2 y CO a la salida de los gases de la combustión entre el Aceite Combustible Para Motores (ACPM) puro y la mezcla de Biodiesel para las diferentes mezclas propuestas bajo norma ICONTEC Palabras Clave: Biodiesel, Biocombustible, Sostenibilidad ambiental, Transesterificación 55
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