AIM To compare the 2-year success rates of a Resin Modified Glass Ionomer Cement (RMGIC) with a composite resin in class II primary molar restorations. METHODS Healthy, cooperative children aged 4-7.5 years with at least one carious primary molar requiring a class II restoration were included in this parallel randomised trial and allocated on a 1:1 basis to composite resin (Z250, 3M ESPE) or RMGIC (Vitremer, 3M ESPE). Restorations were assessed semiannually up to 2 years clinically and radiographically using modified United States Public Health Service criteria, with the primary outcome being all-cause failure. Data were analysed per protocol by binomial linear regression with Relative Risks (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). RESULTS 55 patients were randomly allocated to either group and 44 analysed at 2 years; with 49 teeth in the Z250 and 55 teeth in the Vitremer group. The allcause failure rate for both materials was 3% after 1 year (4 and 2% for Z250 and Vitremer, respectively) and 16% after 2 years (16% for both Z250 and Vitremer). Overall, no difference between materials could be found at 2 years (RR = 1.4; 95% CI 0.8, 2.4; P = 0.30). However, Vitremer was associated with more favourable gingival health compared to composite (RR = 0.2; 95% CI 0.1, 0.9; P = 0.03), but also occlusal wear, which was observed exclusively for Vitremer. CONCLUSION No significant difference was found in the overall performance of the two materials, making them suitable for class II primary molar restorations, although RMGIC presented more pronounced occlusal wear of limited clinical importance after 2 years.

Cerebral palsy is a set of non-progressive neuromuscular disorders caused by defects in the developing fetal brain. Its prevalence is about 2:1000. Although CP does not directly result in any particular oral abnormalities, some conditions are more prevalent or severe in CP patients than in the general population. The purpose of a paediatric dentist is to promote overall oral health wellness and to motivate parents and other primary caregivers to practice good oral hygiene at home. The aim of this article is to provide a general overview of dental health issues that affect people with CP and to analyze key preventative and practical management techniques for this common comorbidity.

SUMMARYNatural rubber latex is found in numerous medical and dental products. Adverse latex reactions in dental patients and practitioners have significantly increased since the introduction of universal precautions for infection control. These reactions range from contact dermatitis to potentially life-threatening hypersensitivity. Patients with a history of spina bifida, urogenital anomalies, multiple surgical procedures, allergic reactions or atopy, health care personnel and latex production workers are at increased risk of latex allergy. Diagnosis is based on a combination of clinical history and laboratory tests. Identification of latex sources and the avoidance of latex exposure are critical for protecting both dental patients and dental personnel.

PURPOSE To compare the clinical failure rate of two resin-modified glass ionomer cements (RMGICs) used for Class II primary molar restorations over a 3-year period. METHODS Healthy, cooperative children aged 4-8 years with carious, asymptomatic primary molars requiring class II restorations received either nano-filled (Ketac Nano, 3 M ESPE) or regular (Vitremer, 3 M ESPE) RMGIC restorations. These were blindly assessed semiannually for 3 years using the modified USPHS criteria with all-cause failure as primary outcome and failure for each criterion as secondary outcome. Data was analysed with Fisher's exact tests and survival analysis with robust standard errors at 5%. RESULTS Outcome assessment included 159 teeth at 12 months, 141 teeth at 24 months, and 98 teeth at 36 months.No difference in all-cause failure was found between regular and nano-filled RMGIC at 12 (8.6% versus 14.1%), 24 (9.0% versus 14.9%) or 36 months (7.4% versus 20.5%) (P > 0.05). The nano-filled RMGIC retained better its anatomical form and the regular RMGIC likewise its marginal integrity (P < 0.05), but only in the acceptable range (Alpha-Bravo). Overall, survival analysis found no significant difference for all-cause failure [hazard ratio (HR) 0.58; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25-1.31; P = 0.19] or any secondary outcomes other than contact point integrity. Finally, subgroup analysis by jaw indicated that the regular RMGIC performed better than the nano-filled RMGIC for mandibular molars (HR 0.36; 95% CI 0.13-0.96; P = 0.04), but further data are needed. CONCLUSION Nano-filled RMGIC showed less occlusal wear but more mild marginal defects than regular RMGIC, but these findings were of limited clinical significance and both materials performed favourably for 3 years.

SUMMARYRhythms, requirements and standards of modern life have made the anxiety a common feature of most people. Along with stress, several other psychological problems increasingly appear and, unfortunately, critically affect young ages. 2 of the most common chronic mental disorders are anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa. Dentists are uniquely positioned because in their area of examination, signs of these diseases can be seen and then their symptoms can be discussed with patients. Nowadays, despite the fact that these diseases are on the rise, dentists do not know enough about them. Often, even if the knowledge is enough to diagnose the disease, they avoid doing it, because they try not to make their patients feel uncomfortable and lose them.The purpose of this review is to highlight the main and secondary signs and symptoms of these diseases, giving each clinical general dentist a more global view and a motivation to include eating disorders in everyday clinical practice.