Background: Nowadays the number of adult patients with complete and partially edentulous, complicated by the defects of the jaws, which need rehabilitation with the use of dental implants is still very high. More stable, aesthetically satisfactory result, and early restoration of function can be achieved with a combination of a multistage surgery with rational prosthetic on dental implants. Objectives: Defects of the jaws with extensive bone deficit, caused by trauma, inflammation or operations for malignancies of maxillofacial region, complicates dental implantation. The presence of such defects in jaw bones needs a preparatory phase aimed at increasing the volume of parameters to create optimal conditions for further dental implantation. Methods: During the period 2006 to 2016 more than 450 patients with extensive defects of alveolar parts of mandible and maxilla due to different aetiological factors were treated in our clinic. Surgical planning was carried individually. Computer software, lithographic models, distraction devices and dental implants were used during treatment. Findings and Conclusion: Successful rehabilitation of adult patients with defects of alveolar parts of maxilla and mandible after different aetiological factors was conducted. As one of the step of rehabilitation of this patients was used the method of distraction osteogenesis.Different methods of distraction were used to optimise the parameters of the bone in jaws. Advantages of distraction osteogenesis may provide a solution for many problems associated with the duration of the treatment, with different conditions which cannot be treated with classical preprosthetic surgery.