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Despite the high osteoinductive potential of vascularized autograft, being used to close significant jaw defects, the processes of osteoresorpton during remodeling in the oral cavity also affect them. The possibilities of distraction osteogenesis allow to restore the necessary volume of bone's tissue at one stage with minimal traumaticity and predictable result, however it's use on vascularized autografts causes a lot of controversy regarding its effectiveness. There has been held a clinical-experimental study of 60 people with jaw defects with various etiologic factors, which were divided into 2 groups: 1 group with defects without previously made osseous plastic, 2 group with defects partially restored by microvascular autografts. Both groups of patients underwent the method of distraction osteogenesis as pre-implantation preparation. At the stage of dental implantation, histological biopsies were taken from the area of the obtained regenerate, to study and visualize the processes during distraction osteogenesis of micro-vascular autografts. There have been received convincing results about the consistency of the distraction regenerate of both groups and have been revealed the high regenerative potential of microvascular autografts.

Background: Nowadays the number of adult patients with complete and partially edentulous, complicated by the defects of the jaws, which need rehabilitation with the use of dental implants is still very high. More stable, aesthetically satisfactory result, and early restoration of function can be achieved with a combination of a multistage surgery with rational prosthetic on dental implants. Objectives: Defects of the jaws with extensive bone deficit, caused by trauma, inflammation or operations for malignancies of maxillofacial region, complicates dental implantation. The presence of such defects in jaw bones needs a preparatory phase aimed at increasing the volume of parameters to create optimal conditions for further dental implantation. Methods: During the period 2006 to 2016 more than 450 patients with extensive defects of alveolar parts of mandible and maxilla due to different aetiological factors were treated in our clinic. Surgical planning was carried individually. Computer software, lithographic models, distraction devices and dental implants were used during treatment. Findings and Conclusion: Successful rehabilitation of adult patients with defects of alveolar parts of maxilla and mandible after different aetiological factors was conducted. As one of the step of rehabilitation of this patients was used the method of distraction osteogenesis.Different methods of distraction were used to optimise the parameters of the bone in jaws. Advantages of distraction osteogenesis may provide a solution for many problems associated with the duration of the treatment, with different conditions which cannot be treated with classical preprosthetic surgery.

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