The paper presents a proprietary method of making composite cast iron (eutectic) locally reinforced with ceramics. The research included making casts with a ceramic layer, its percentage of the surface was 30%. The research included abrasive wear resistance according to ASTM G 65-00. As a result of the research it has been found that the infiltration of the molten metal into the ceramic preform mainly affects the correct production of the cast with local reinforcement. The research results also have proven that the application of a lattice ceramic insert placed in the mould is the most appropriate option, due to the even distribution of the particles in the cast and obtaining a sound cast.
In paper a method of improvement in utility properties of unalloyed cast steel casting in result of diffusion of C and Cr in process of creation of surface layer is presented. The aim of paper was determination of diffusion range of basic elements of alloyed surface layer. Moreover a quantitative analysis of carbides phase strengthens alloyed surface layer of casting was carried out. The results of studies shown that important factors of surface layer creation are maximal temperature T max on granular insert -cast steel boundary dependent of pouring temperature, granularity Z w of Fe-Cr-C alloy insert and thickness of casting wall g śo . On the basis of obtained results was affirmed that with increase of thickness of casting wall increases range of diffusion in solid state in Fe-Cr-C grains and in liquid state. Moreover the range of T max = 1300÷1500• C favours creation of the proper alloyed surface layers on cast steel.Keywords: casting, cast steel, diffusion, alloyed surface layer, Fe-Cr-C alloy W pracy przedstawiono metodę poprawy własności użytkowych odlewów ze staliwa niestopowego w wyniku dyfuzji C i Cr występującej w procesie wytwarzania warstwy wierzchniej. Zasadniczym celem badań było określenie zasięgu dyfuzji podstawowych składników wierzchniej warstwy stopowej. Badania obejmowały również analizę ilościową powstałej fazy węgli-kowej umacniającej warstwę wierzchnią odlewu. Wyniki badań oraz ich analiza wykazały, że istotnymi zmiennymi czynnikami procesu powstawania warstwy są maksymalna temperatura T max osiągana na granicy ziarnista wkładka -staliwo zależna od temperatury zalewania, ziarnistość Z w wkładki z stopu Fe-Cr-C i grubość ścianki odlewu g śo . Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników stwierdzono, że wraz ze wzrostem grubości ścianki odlewu rośnie zasięg procesów dyfuzyjnych zarówno w stanie stałym w ziarnach Fe-Cr-C jak i w stanie ciekłym. Ponadto zakres T max = 1300÷1500• C sprzyja powstaniu prawidłowej powierzchniowej warstwy stopowej na staliwie.
In this paper, we presented the technology of layered castings based on the founding method of layer coating directly in the cast process known as the method of mold cavity preparation by monolithic or granular material of insert. Prepared castings consist of two fundamental parts: the base part and working part (layer). The base part of a layered casting is usually typical foundry material (i.e., pearlitic grey cast iron with flake graphite or ferritic-pearlitic carbon cast steel), whereas the dependence of an insert type (i.e., monolithic or granular) working part (layer) is suitably plated with ferritic and austenitic alloy steels or a layer from a Cr-base alloy. The ratio of thickness between the base and working part is between 8:1 and 10:1. The quality of the layered castings was evaluated on the basis of ultrasonic non-destructive testing, structure, and selected usable property research. According to work out technology, the prepared layered castings can work in conditions that require high heat resistance and/or corrosion resistance from the working surface layer of an element in a medium of industrial water, for example. Moreover, in the case of applying an insert based on Cr-base alloy powder on the working surface layer, it is possible to obtain high hardness and abrasive wear resistance.
A description of alloy layer formation on a steel substrate is presented. Two types of formation are considered: diffusion of carbon and chromium into the solid from the pad in the direction of the cast steel within the FeCrC (grains) and diffusion in a layer of liquid chromium cast iron formed in a preceding step. The influence of silicon in the pad on the pad's transformation into the liquid is also examined. Solidus and liquidus temperatures of high carbon ferrochromium are determined. The larger the content of Si is used in the experiment, the lower the solidus temperature of the FeCrC alloy is observed. This results from the higher intensity of the elements' diffusion and faster formation of the liquid.Keywords: alloy layer, cast steel, FeCrC -alloy, diffusion W pracy przedstawiono autorski opis procesu powstawania powierzchniowej warstwy stopowej, którego istota opiera się na dyfuzji w stanie stałym węgla i chromu z wkładki w stronę staliwa w obrębie ziaren FeCrC, jak również na dyfuzji w warstwie ciekłego żeliwa chromowego powstałego w wcześniejszych etapach tworzenia się warstwy w wyniku dyfuzji w stanie stałym. Zbadano również wpływ dodatku krzemu w materiale wkładki stopowej na proces przejścia jej w stan ciekły. Określono temperaturę likwidus i solidus żelazochromu wysokowęglowego mającą wpływ na ten proces. Stwierdzono, że zwiększona zawartość Si powoduje obniżenie temperatury solidus stopu FeCrC co jest powodem zwiększenia szybkości dyfundujących składników, co z kolei prowadzi do szybszego powstania fazy ciekłej.
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