Two field experiments were conducted at El-Serw Agricultural Research Station, Damietta Governorate, during 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons, to study the effect of farmyard manure (0, 10, 20 and 30 m 3 /fad), plant densities (33600, 42000 and 56000 plant/fad), four biofertilizer treatments (without treated, inoculation seeds with Cerialine, Netrobine at 450 g/fad and 90 kg N/fad as a mineral fertilizer)and their interactions on growth and yield of sugar beet. The obtained results indicated that farmyard manure had a significant effect on average values of root fresh weight, sucrose %, purity % and yields of top, root and sugar/fad in both seasons. Increasing farmyard manure rate up to 30 m 3 /fad significantly increased root fresh weight, top yield/fad, root yield/fad as well as sugar yield/fad but, decreased sucrose % and purity % as compared to control (without added farmyard manure) in both seasons. Plant density significantly affected all studied traits in both seasons. The highest plant density 56000 plant/fad gave the highest values of sucrose %, purity %, top yield /fad, root yield /fad and sugar yield/fad, but it gave the lowest root fresh weight. On the contrary, the heaviest root was recorded with the lowest plant density 33600 plant/fad as compared with other studied plant densities in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons. Results indicated that fertilization treatments had a significant effect on all studied characters in both seasons. Applying nitrogen as a mineral fertilizer at a rate of 90 kg N/fad gave the highest values of root fresh weight, top yield/fad, root yield/fad and sugar yield/fad as compared with all other fertilization treatment, in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons. In this connection, cerialine biofertilizer followed the mineral nitrogen of the mentioned previously traits. The interaction between farmyard manure rates and plant densities, the interaction between farmyard manure rates and biofertilization treatments and the interaction between plant densities and biofertilization treatments were significantly affected all studied traits in both seasons. The interaction effect among farmyard manure, plant density and fertilization treatments was significant on all studied characters in both seasons. Plants received 30 m 3 /fad farmyard manure at the highest plant density 56000 plant/fad and fertilized by 90 kg N/fad gave the highest top yield/fad 33.65 and 39.28 tons, root yield/fad 40.76 and 39.20 tons as well as sugar yield/fad 7.11 and 6.75 tons compared to all other this interaction treatments in 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons, respectively. Generally, it could be recommended that applied farmyard manure at the rate of 30 m 3 /fad for sugar beet plants sown at plant density of 56000 plant/fad, and fertilized by 90 kg N/fad gave the highest root and sugar yield/fad at North Delta,

Sugarcane has been cultivated in Egypt since 641 AD and is a source of raw material to various agro-based industries. The development of new varieties of sugarcane from controlled crosses in Egypt has developed greatly during recent decades with the majority of the present commercial varieties originating from the local breeding program. Egyptian sugarcane breeding program objectives are high cane and sugar yield, early maturing, good ratooning ability, resistance and tolerance to pests as well as diseases. This program depends on artificial flowering at Giza Research Station (latitude of 30.01° N and longitude of 31.20° E) and natural flowering at Sabahia Research Station, Alexandria (latitude of 31° 12 N and longitude of 29.57° E). There are four stations for selection trials, extending from middle to southern Egypt, namely Mallawi (Minia governorate), Shandaweel (Sohag governorate), Mattana Station (Luxor governorate), and Kom Ombo (Aswan governorate), respectively. Current sugar production in Egypt is about 2.458 million tons with 62.2% from sugar beet and 37.8% from sugarcane.

Two field experiments were carried out at Shandaweel Agricultural Research Station, Sohag Governorate in 2007/2008 and 2008/2009 seasons to study the effect of row spacing of sugarcane and some weed treatments on growth, quality and yield. Sugarcane cultiver Phil.8013 was spring-planted in three row spacings of 80, 100 and 120 cm, and ten weed control treatments were applied: single application of Garlon 90% EC at the rate of 2000 cc/fed as post-emergence; Brominal 24% EC at the rate of 1 l/fed as post-emergence; Bazagran 48% AS at the rate of 1 l/fed, 30 days after planting; Granstar 75% DF at the rate of 8 g/fed as post-emergence, at 30 days after planting. The application of each of the four herbicides was followed by one hand hoeing 30 days from herbicide application; hand hoeing three times at 25, 45 and 65 days after planting (DAP) and unweeded (control). A split plot design with three replications was used. Row spacings were allocated in the main plots, while weed control treatments were randomly distributed in the sub-plots.Results revealed that widening spaces between rows of sugarcane from 80 up to 100 and 120 cm resulted in a significant and gradual increase in dry weight of narrow and broad leaved weeds as well as total weeds/m 2 in both seasons. There was a significant influence of the applied weed treatments on dry weight/m 2 of both narrow and broad-leaved weeds and total weeds/m 2 . The results showed that the most effective treatment in eliminating both narrow and broad-leaved weeds was hand hoeing three times, followed by the application of the used herbicides combined with one hand hoeing, and the application of each herbicide alone.Growing sugarcane in rows spaced at 80-cm apart resulted in a significant increase in stalk height, number of millable canes, cane and sugar yields/fed. The thickest cane stalks were produced from plants grown at 120 cm. Row spacing rows at 100 cm gave the highest values of brix, sucrose, juice purity and sugar recovery percentages. Practicing hand hoeing three times 25, 45 and 65 DAP to get rid of weeds associated with sugarcane plants resulted in the highest values of the studied traits, while the unweeded plots gave the lowest ones. Under the conditions of the present work, growing sugarcane, in rows spaced at 80 or 100 cm and controlling accompanied weeds by manual hoeing three times at 25, 45 and 65 DAP, Brominal + hand hoeing once and/or Garlon + hand hoeing once can be recommended for getting the highest cane and sugar yields/fed. Meanwhile, economic evaluation of the studied factors showed that planting sugarcane in rows of 80-cm apart as well as controlling weeds by applying Brominal herbicide + hand hoeing once or manual hoeing three times gave the highest values of net income and profitability %.

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