. 742 species, including 151 reported for the first time, are treated from Svalbard (exclusive of Bjørnøya). New to science are: Bryocaulon hyperborea Øvstedal (also known from Greenland), Buellia insularis Øvstedal, Lepraria svalbardensis Tønsberg, Placynthium pulvinatum Øvstedal (also recorded from mainland Norway), Rhizocarpon dahlii Øvstedal, R. tephromelae Øvstedal, and Tephromela lucifuga Øvstedal & Tønsberg. New combinations are: Aspicilia major (Lynge) Øvstedal, Aspicilia punctiformis (Lynge) Øvstedal, Cetraria racemosa (Lynge) Øvstedal, Miriquidica picea (Lynge) Øvstedal, and Stereocaulon compactum (I. M. Lamb) Øvstedal. Information on morphology, anatomy, chemistry, substrate preferences and distribution is included for all taxa. Keys to genera and species are provided. Separate keys are provided for sorediate species on rock and on soil/bryophytes. 6 % of the species are defined as cosmopolitan. More than one third has a bipolar distribution, whereas about 60 % are restricted to the Northern Hemisphere, 52 species are high-arctic and lacking from Fennoscandia, and 12 species are at present known as Svalbard endemics.

Elvebakk, A. & Spjelkavik, S. 1995. The ecology and distribution of Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum on Svalbard and Jan Mayen. — Nord. J. Bot. 15: 541–552. Copenhagen. ISSN 0107–055X. The distribution and ecology of Empetrum nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum has been studied on Svalbard and Jan Mayen, partly based on literature and herbarium data, and partly on local studies in the Kongsfjorden and Liefdefjorden areas. E. nigrum ssp. hermaphroditum is rare on Svalbard, where it is restricted to siliceous substrates, and is lacking from low temperature areas like mountains, the southern and eastern parts of Svalbard, the western and northern coastline, and from most of Nordaustlandet. The best climatic conditions for Empetrum seem to be offered by the lower part of a south facing mountain slope of Jan Mayen, an island where the effective temperature sum is relatively high due to a long growing season. In areas where Empetrum occurs on Svalbard the growing season is shorter and the effective temperature sum is generally lower. However, July temperatures are higher, and these and the occurrence of siliceous substrates seem to govern its potential area of distribution. The shorter Svalbard growing season only exceptionally permits sexual reproduction, but individuals are long‐lived and dendrochronological analysis of a 17 mm thick stem yielded an age of approximately 80 years. Locally, Empetrum is often concentrated to zonal habitats, like at southeast facing gneissic slopes and rock ledges at Liefdefjorden and a west facing sheltered mountain slope at Kongsfjorden.

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