Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the uppermost cereal grain crop considered as a major stable food for the Egyptian people. Field experiments were conducted during two consecutive winter seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 to study the effect of two planting dates (PD) (20th of November and 20th of December) under four different planting methods (PM) (bed broadcast, flat broadcast, drill at 15 cm, and drill at 25 cm apart rows) on the productivity and water relations of wheat genotype (Egypt 1). The study is intended to assess the water relations for wheat planting dates and planting methods and determine the role of late planting date and planting methods on wheat productivity. Results showed that the values of grain yields and some attributed yields were highly significantly affected by planting dates and methods in the two growing seasons. Planting wheat at the optimal date (20th November) was better than sowing at the late date (20th December) for all values obtained from the studied parameters in both seasons of the study. The bed broadcast planting method gave the highest mean values for all studied parameters except the plant height which was recorded with drilling seeds at a 15 cm planting method in the two growing seasons. The highest values of water applied were recorded with the first date under the borders planting method (PD1M2), while the lowest of Aw recorded was from beds planting method with the second date. The highest mean values for WP were recorded with the bed broadcast planting method.

The media filter is a fundamental techniques for removing any organic sediments as algae, weeds and bacteria or inorganic sediments as clay, sand and solid chemicals that may be present in the water and could cause nozzles and emitter clogging. Innovated filter unit with filtration media consists of foam granules and polyethylene granules comparison with sand or gravel media filter. Worth Mentioning that the foam granules media was resisting of mold, bacteria decomposition and water salinity but unresisting of some acid decomposition. Also, the polyethylene granules media was resisting of mold, bacteria, water salinity and acid decomposition. Field experiments were carried out, at Al-Mansouria farm-Giza Governorate and Al-Bustan fields Behaira Governorate to evaluate the performance of the designed innovated filters with a foam granules media and polyethylene granules media. The aim of this study was innovated media filter unit consisting to substitute media of sand or gravel media was high sufficiency and lesser coset. The experiment show that the flow rate is started to decrease and the flow rate reduction percentage is started to increase when the pressure losses increased from 0.6 bar pressure losses until 1.0 bar pressure losses. Also, the results show that the water consumption during the flushing process and the time consumed of filtering volume unite are started to increase when the pressure losses increase from 0.6 bar until 1.0 bar pressure losses. Eventually, the sedimentation concentrate and the filtration efficiency are started to decrease when the pressure loss increase from 0.6 bar until 1.0 bar until 1.0 bar pressure losses. The results show that the use of foam as media filter is recommend because of its high performance regarding increase filtration efficiency at 80.03% with Nile water and 78.69% with waste water and decrease the cost of cubic meter of filtration technically and economically.

Being an arid country with rapid population growth and escalating living standard, Egypt is suffering from stresses on both water and land resources. It is obvious that agriculture is still considered the main economic activity as it consumes over 85% of the total water supply. Excessive usage of irrigation water has alerted sever problems and had caused harmful impact on soil and environment. Logging, fertility, and salinity are examples for the excess water hazard in lands. In this connection two field experiments were curried at Mallawy water Requirements research satiation -El Minia, of province, Middle Egypt, Water Management research institute -National water research center during the seasons of 2004 / 2005 and 2005 / 2006 to study the effect of water stress on water applied, water consumptive use, water use efficiency, water saving yield and economic evaluation for some major crops ( wheat, soybean and corn ).The experiment included three irrigation of depletion A1, A2, A3 are irrigated at 25 %, 50% and 75% depletion of available water, beside tradition irrigation in studied area (the farmer practices) to compare with water applied and water consumptive use. The experimental design was a randomized complete block, replicated three times.Results indicated that, from view point of water and economic the highest economic efficiency was obtained from irrigation with 50% depletion of available water for studied crops. Also results indicated that under the best irrigation treatments which 50% depletion of available water leads to an increase in yield about 16.3 %, 12.5% 10.9% and saving of irrigation water 16.1 %, 10.71% and 8.27 % for wheat, soybean and corn crops respectively. Hence, the obtained results indicate that it may be recommended to irrigate wheat, soybean and corn plants with depletion 50% of available water and irrigation frequency of with 18, 13 and 14 days respectively. In addition the applied water should reach the 90% of field capacity to produce high yield with least possible amount of water applied under El-Minia province conditions and other corresponding conditions.