Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the uppermost cereal grain crop considered as a major stable food for the Egyptian people. Field experiments were conducted during two consecutive winter seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19 to study the effect of two planting dates (PD) (20th of November and 20th of December) under four different planting methods (PM) (bed broadcast, flat broadcast, drill at 15 cm, and drill at 25 cm apart rows) on the productivity and water relations of wheat genotype (Egypt 1). The study is intended to assess the water relations for wheat planting dates and planting methods and determine the role of late planting date and planting methods on wheat productivity. Results showed that the values of grain yields and some attributed yields were highly significantly affected by planting dates and methods in the two growing seasons. Planting wheat at the optimal date (20th November) was better than sowing at the late date (20th December) for all values obtained from the studied parameters in both seasons of the study. The bed broadcast planting method gave the highest mean values for all studied parameters except the plant height which was recorded with drilling seeds at a 15 cm planting method in the two growing seasons. The highest values of water applied were recorded with the first date under the borders planting method (PD1M2), while the lowest of Aw recorded was from beds planting method with the second date. The highest mean values for WP were recorded with the bed broadcast planting method.

Flood surface irrigation is the main watering system in Egypt and worldwide. Proper design of such system is the milestone for up-grading and improving surface irrigation as for other irrigation systems. In this regard, the said Soil Conservation Service (S.C.S) developed by the soil reclamation bureau, USA was the used tool in the evaluating and assessment of the implemented or the practiced parameters, which executed in cotton furrow irrigation system design in the Northern Nile Delta area. The field trial was conducted during the two growing summer cotton seasons 2017 and 2018 at the experimental farm of Sakha Agricultural Research Station, North Nile Delta area. Combined effects of different land leveling (i.e. traditional, precession (dead level =zero level), 0.05 and 0.10%) and irrigation inflow rates. (2.0, 2.7 and 3.3 Lps/m widths) were used. The stated treatments were implemented at fixed furrow length and width of 40.0 m and 0.75 m. respectively. The comparing elements between design created by SCS and the actual practiced measures were: furrow inflow rate (Lps/m), irrigation time (min.), advance time (min.), recession time (min.), opportunity time (min.), depth applied (mm), deep percolation (mm), deep percolation ratio and irrigation application efficiency (IAE).Moreover, extensive economic evaluation was done regarding seed cotton yield, total return, benefit/cost ratio and the specific cost. Analysis of obtained data revealed that application efficiency is acceptable for inflow rate at 2.0Lps/m width along with precession land leveling of 0.05 or 0.10%, providing the importance of using SCS in design furrow irrigation system in the clayey soils at North Nile Delta. Moreover, maximum water well land productivity were observed under the stated treatment (2.0 Lps/m width with 0.05 or 0.10% land leveling)

Abstract. Mariey SA, El-Bialy MA, Khedr RA, Mohamed EN, Meleha AMI, Khatab IA. 2023. Comprehensive evaluation and economic analysis in some barley genotypes under soil salinity. Asian J Agric 7: 20-33. Soil salinity is one of the abiotic stresses that cause a significant reduction in barley production. Understanding the phenotypic and genetic diversity among Barley genotypes is necessary to improve barley salt tolerance. Herne comprehensive sets of morph-physiological, grain quality traits and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers combined with economic analysis were done to determine the phenotypic and genetic variation of eight barley genotypes under salinity stress during seasons 2019/2020 and 2020/2021. High genetic variation was observed among studied genotypes for all measured traits. Salinization caused a significant increase in (Sodium content, soluble carbohydrate content, and crude protein content %) in sensitive genotypes (Giza 132 and line 1). SSRs markers generated clear patterns with high polymorphism with 31 alleles by an average of 2.07 alleles per locus. Out of 15 SSR markers, nine (Bmac 0209, Bmag 0011, Bmag 125, Bmac 0871, Bmag 770, Bmac 701, Bmag 0387, Bmac316, and Bmag 0009) were highly useful in distinguishing tolerant and sensitive Barley genotypes. Soil salinity decreased the benefit-cost ratio for Giza 123,136 and 137, which appear beneficial as salt-tolerant cultivars. Those cultivars had low reductions for almost studied traits and had the highest grain yield production due to increasing the farmer's income under salt affect area.

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Two field trials were carried out through 2019 and 2020 seasons to evaluate irrigation systems outcome and potassium fertilization rates on water efficiencies, productivity, water-saving and financial return for potato crop (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv."Sponta''. Eight transactions, two of the irrigation systems (surface irrigation & gated pipes technique), and three different rates of potassium fertilization (48, 96, and 144 kg K2O fad -1 .) beside without adding potassium fertilizer were set in a split-plot design. Results indicated that sowing potato and irrigating it by the gated pipes irrigation system and using 96 kg K2O of the potassium fertilization leads to an increase in productivity by 27.85 %, more water-saving about 25.33 % per year, recorded the maximum productivity of irrigation water and water productivity (6.76 and 10.01 kg m -3 , respectively), and also the topmost values of income, production, and the net return of irrigation water. Therefore, the economics of irrigation water turns out to be very essential for implementing irrigation management projects where farmers' over-irrigation traditions generally lead to low irrigation efficiency, waterlogging, and water losses. Therefore, the study recommends using the gated pipes technique with 96 kg K2O fad -1 under El Minia governorate circumstances and other corresponding conditions.