No abstract

The aim of this work is to generate a theoretical physical analysis that could be used as a tool that facilitates the criminalistic function in its objective of clarifying the truth and helping to impart justice. One of the most studied fields of action in the criminal area is related to the scenes of a crime, in which, generally, there are evidences associated with hematic impressions. A drop of blood, in its way towards the ground, follows a trajectory that can be calculated through the laws of Physics, behaving like a body in a fluid. To the extent that this model is more detailed, the position of the blood drop can be described more precisely. A detailed analysis of the displacement in the air of a drop of blood, generated by a cutting wound, is presented. Results could be used to determine the spatial point of origin of a drop of blood from experimental measurements on the hematic impression in crime scene. The proper estimation of this position could be of great help at the moment of a criminal investigation since could serve as an additional evidence offering a clearer vision of the events that occurred, to the judge.

No abstract

In the podiatry field, many of the foot dysfunctions are mainly generated due to: Congenital malformations, accidents or misuse of footwear. For the treatment or prevention of foot disorders, the podiatrist diagnoses prosthesis or specific adapted footwear, according to the real dimension of foot. Therefore, it is necessary to acquire 3D information of foot with 360 degrees of observation. As alternative solution, it was developed and implemented an optical system of threedimensional reconstruction based in the principle of laser triangulation. The system is constituted by an illumination unit that project a laser plane into the foot surface, an acquisition unit with 4 CCD cameras placed around of axial foot axis, an axial moving unit that displaces the illumination and acquisition units in the axial axis direction and a processing and exploration unit. The exploration software allows the extraction of distances on three-dimensional image, taking into account the topography of foot. The optical system was tested and their metrological performances were evaluated in experimental conditions. The optical system was developed to acquire 3D information in order to design and make more appropriate footwear.

No abstract