DURING the period extending from 5 November 1964 to 28 May 1967, 114 cases with variable grades of renal failure were otologically examined. The renal insufficiency was under medical or dialytic control and the otological examination was carried out both before and after treatment. Out of these 114 cases, 71 were fully conscious and well orientated so that audiometric examination could be done properly. Clinical examination of the external and middle ear was done and revealed no abnormality.Cochlear affection was manifested as deafness; which in turn was always peripheral (end-organ) as evidenced by the audiometric examination and recruitment test. The results of audiometric study were classified into five main groups (22) according to the percentage of hearing loss as being calculated by the American Medical Association method (24).Out of the 71 renal failure cases examined audiometricaHy; 9 cases (12-7 per cent), showed no hearing loss (Group 0), 9 cases (i2-7percent) showed mild deafness (group I), 22 cases (30-9 per cent) showed moderate deafness (group II), 19 cases (26-8 per cent) showed severe deafness (group III) and 12 cases (16-9 per cent) showed very severe deafness (group IV).Biochemical examination of the blood including blood urea, serum sodium and potassium was done in all cases. The correlation between serum sodium level and the degree of hearing loss was estimated and statistically evaluated in different groups of blood urea levels in the form of scatter diagram (46) Fig. 1.The ninety-five percentile fiducial limits (19) (47) were calculated in each individual group. It was clearly seen that in the cases showing second, third and fourth degrees hearing loss both upper and lower fiducial limits lie opposite the range of hyponatraemia.Another analysis was done between the percentage hearing loss and the blood urea level, and was evaluated at different groups of serum sodium levels (Fig. 2).Similar correlative studies were made between the degree of hearing 1 From the Ear, Nose and Throat Department.

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Ectopic Bilharziasis is discussed and two cases of ectopic pharyngeal affections are reported. The five theories advocated to explain how ectopic lesions can develop outside the portol-caval system are discussed. The clinical picture, age, diagnosis and follow-up of such lesions are mentioned.

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