BackgroundHashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), a common autoimmune disease, is the most frequent cause of hypothyroidism, affecting 2 to 15% of the population (1). Histologically, HT is characterized by diffuse lymphocytic infiltration of the thyroid gland (2). It has been hypothesized that HT, a chronic thyroid inflammatory disease accompanied by positive serum thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) titers, is associated with an increased risk of thyroid cancer. However, previous studies have not been able to prove this conclusively. In this study, the authors used a large prospectively tracked database of patients evaluated for thyroid nodules to determine whether there is an association between HT and thyroid cancer, as well as to determine the predictive capability of HT on diagnostic thyroid nodule evaluation and thyroid cytology results.

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