In the modern agriculture systems, there is a general tendency to reduce the amounts of mineral nitrogen inputs and maximize their use efficiency to minimize environmental pollution and its hazards on public human health. It is well known that cobalt is a necessary trace element to leguminous crops and bacterial communities responsible for biological nitrogen fixation (BNF). So, two field trials were performed in a split-split-plot design with three replicates during two-successive winter seasons of 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 as the sake of studying the influence of Rhizobium inoculant, nitrogen application rates [100, 75 and 50% of nitrogen recommended dose (NRD) as starter, equivalent to 20, 15 and 10kg N fed-1 , respectively] and cobalt supplementation (seeds soaking and foliar application as combined method) at different concentrations of cobalt (0.0, 8.0 and 12.0 mg cobalt L-1) on nodulation, nitrogenase activity and performance of faba bean plants grown on saline clay soil. Findings of this study showed that plants inoculated prior to sowing with the strain of Rhizobium at rate of 10 g inoculant per 1.0 kg seeds under N fertilization at rate of 15 kg N fed-1 with cobalt treatment at rates of 8.0 and 12.0 mg cobalt L-1 realized better results than that fertilized with ammonium sulphate at rate of 20 kg N fed-1 without both Rhizobium inoculation and cobalt treatment. Generally, cobalt treatments improved nodulation, nitrogenase activity and stimulated nodulation parameters, thus enhancing all studied growth criteria, green yield and its components of faba bean plants grown under salinity stress.

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The adequate supply of irrigation water is a crucial factor controlling the growth and productivity of crops.Under water poverty conditions in Egypt and most arid regions, sustaining the irrigation water in the root zone as long as possible becomes very necessary.Consequently, two field trials were performed aiming to evaluate the effect of zeolite soil addition of as main plots[ Z0:without zeolite(control)and Z1: with zeolite at rate of 10 Mg h -1 ]under three irrigation intervals as subplots [I1: irrigation every 12 days (traditional irrigation) in addition to irrigation every 14(I2)and 16(I3) days, which represented the deficit irrigation treatments]. The execution of the research trail was done in a split-plot design with three replicates. Maize was used as an experimental plant based on its significant response to water alterations in the root zone. Biochemical plant characters including total chlorophyll, total phenols and proline contents were measured in leaves at period of 60 days from sowing. In addition, vegetative growth parameters (plant height) as well as quantitative (e.g., No.of grain ear -1 ,No.of rows ear -1 , grain and biological yield) and qualitative (i.e.,carbohydrates, protein and oil)yield characteristics were determined at harvesting stage. Findings of this study showed that the zeolite soil addition before sowing (Z1) with irrigation interval of maize plants every14days (I2) as combined treatment realizes better results for improving quantitative and qualitative yield characteristics than non-addition of zeolite (Z0) under traditional irrigation interval (I1:every12days).Post-harvest soil analysis indicated that the usage of zeolite improves some studied soil properties e.g., bulk density, total porosity, CEC and FC.

Nanotechnology presents brilliant agricultural products, which may be an achievement in addressing many common economic and ecological issues. Nano-fertilizers show special characters which do not exist in their conventional counterparts. So; this work conducted out during 2019 and 2020 seasons to investigate the effects of three forms of micronutrient Fe + Zn in foliar way (nano, EDTA and sulfate) under organic fertilization (without, chicken manure and FYM) on vegetative growth, physical, chemical and quality of pods and green yield of snap bean as well as some chemical properties of soil after harvesting. All treatments under investigation had significant effect on vegetative growth (plant height, number of branches, fresh, dry weight and chlorophyll content), pod physical quality (number, length, weight and diameter), green pod yield,nutritional value of snap bean leaves and pods (N, P, K%, Fe and Zn mg.kg-1), pod chemical quality as (protein, total carbohydrates, fiber and TSS%) and soil analysis after harvest (available N, P, K FC and S.P). The results in this study showed that, applying chicken manure and foliar application with nano Fe + Zn was the most suitable treatment significantly affected in all mentioned parameters comparing with the other treatments.

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