S Data are presented for the osmotic pressures of commercially available lime, lemon, prune, carrot and salted and unsalted tomato juices and their concentrates. Similar data are presented for sucrose‐water and glucose‐sucrose (mole ratio 10:1)‐water solutions in the temperature range 7.5–25°C. The effects of the temperature on parameters of process design show that by operation at a lower temperature it is possible to obtain a higher recovery of aroma compounds in the concentrate in the second stage reverse osmosis treatment of fruit juice water obtained from the first stage treatment. This possibility is confirmed by the experimental results at 7.5°C and 25°C.

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Ind. Eng. Chem. Process Des. Dev. 1984, 23, 367-374 367 porting Mr. S. P. Chitra during the summer. The authors would also like to acknowledge Ms. Gerry Denterlein for patiently typing the manuscript. Nomenclature al, a2 = dimensionless kinetic parameters A = concentration of reactant species A, g-mol/L A. = initial concentration of reactant species A, g-mol/L B = concentration of product species B, g-mol/L b = B/Ao, dimensionless yield of product B bl, b2, b3 = product yield at different locations of reaction network; see Figure 1 locations of reaction network, see Figure 1 klk2k3 = reaction rate constants (see eq I), L g-moll-" s-l k;, k i , 12; = reaction rate constants for example reaction scheme nl, n2, n3 = order of the reaction; see eq 1 p2, p 3 = dimensionless kinetic parameters for example reaction scheme q= volumetric feed flow rate, L s-l Q = recycle flowrate, L s-l R = Q/4, recycle ratio R1, R2 = recycle ratio values for the two reactor configuration S = cross-sectional area of plug flow reactor, cm2 x = distance from reactor inlet, cmGreek Symbols q~ = instantaneous yield L i t e r a t u r e Cited Chauhan, S. P.; Bell, J. P.; Adler, R.As an extension of two earlier papers, this paper presents an analytical technique for predicting reverse osmosis performance, namely, separation of ions, and product rates, of cellulose acetate membranes of different surface porosities for aqueous feed solutions containing Li', Na', K+, CI-, Br-, and I-(or NO,-) ions. This prediction technique is based on Kimura-Sourirajan analysis and free energy parameters of ions, combined with ionic equilibria between the feed solution and the membrane. The valMi of the prediction technique is established by experimental data, which illustrates the practical utility of the technique.

This paper presents a kinematic mathematical model for an adiabatic commercial transfer line fluid catalytic cracking reactor in which both catalyst and reacting fluid move at the same velocity under plug flow conditions. The model assumes that the catalyst activity is a strong function of contact time but that it is essentially independent of temperature. The model includes a single heat parameter which involves the endothermic heat of reaction. It is shown that the nature of the conversion function, 1/y -1, where y is the reactant or gas oil fraction within the reactor, vs. flowing space time plot as reported earlier by Paraskos et al. (1976) remains unchanged by the heat parameter. The value of 1/y -1 at given space time is, however, changed considerably by nonisothermal operation if the activation energy for the gas oil and gasoline reactions are different. The validity of the model is examined using data obtained from a 99 ft long commercial adiabatic transfer line reactor.

Several flavor components including alcohols, aldehydes and esters were identified and quantitatively estimated, by gas chromatography, in membrane permeated apple juice-and grape juice-waters collected by reverse osmosis treatment of natural juices using cellulose acetate membranes. The flavor components present in the juice-waters so collected were then concentrated by reverse osmosis treatment of the latter at 5°C and 68.95 x 10' kPa gauge pressure (1000 psig) using aromatic polyamide membranes. It is shown that the concentrations of each flavor component in the concentrate and the permeate solutions obtained in the latter treatmentare predictablefrom only a single set of experimentalreverseosmosis data with a reference NaCI-HzOfeed solution for each membrane. This predictiontechnique is described,and its utility in reverse osmosis processdesign is illustrated.