An increase in the number of shareholders which is typical for public joint-stock companies leads to the fact that the direct management of the assets of a joint-stock company is concentrated in the company's top management (top managers) who, not being the owner of its capital, manages it as its own capital. Such inconsistency of the management system in a joint-stock company gives rise to the need to develop external control over it on the part of all other participants in the modern market represented by participants in the stock market, the state, and the public (citizens). The main forms of control on the part of the stock market are the groups of relations regarding the purchase and sale of shares leading both to a change in the composition of shareholders and to a change in the company's management. The most significant part of the relations of the stock market leading to the change of the top management of the company at the will of the market participants relates to the market of corporate control. State control in the sphere of the functioning of joint-stock companies covers not only the regulation and control of their activities but also includes the direct presence of the state as a shareholder of a number of companies important for the country's economy. However, the controlling participation of the state is strongly opposed by those who defend the relationship of private ownership of capital. Civil control over the activities of joint-stock companies is based on the broad development of the media and on the growth of public consciousness in the direction of protecting the environment from the negative impact of capital relations on it. The deep reason for the development of various forms of public control over the activities of joint-stock companies is the transformation of modern society into a society of shareholders, i.e. into a society in which the majority of citizens are not just direct or indirect shareholders who receive their income from share capital but also persons interested in making this capital socially useful.

The modern world of consumer goods is the world of complex goods. The complexity of a modern product is expressed not in the features of its consumption, but in the specifics of the whole process of its production and consumption, which includes four stages of creation and maintenance of value: the pre-commodity stage at which the goods are created mentally; production stage; a trading stage and a stage of long-term consumption, at which the commodity can exist for a long time due to the fact that its use value is supported by the corresponding production processes. The creation of a modern product is especially effective for transnational companies, which makes the activities of the latter an economic basis for the existing political processes in the world and the related conflicts between countries.

Social investment means investment not only into market economy but in society development. Green color is often used to mark such investment. In social investing both the character of investment project and the method of attaining result are important, the latter does not imply only investment and project profitability. As a result social investment is characterized by lower profit-making capacity. It builds the economic foundation for relatively cheap transition of economy to a new material base in the field of advanced power engineering and in respect to the environment. Social investing is also characterized by morality, therefore it turns into a specific opposition to traditional market investing, which, in spite of low profit-making capacity of social investing, does not motivate saving owners to increase private consumption. The authors show that social investing can be used as a tool of political struggle in today’s world. Under the pretext of obligatory investing into attaining universal human goals industrialized countries try to retain their leading position in the world.

Stock market is seen as a sum total of different happenings, especially if we speak about share price. However, share price, as any other economic phenomenon is a combination of chance and law. Occasional nature of share price is evident in its everyday trading. In this case law is hidden under the opportunity to forecast share prices. For longterm periods law-governed nature of share price can be seen in its trend to growth, which can be accompanied by stock crises. The stock crisis in all its worth, as an even and as a process of share price drop is also a stock market law similar to a trend of its growth in time based on unlimited process of growing profit functioning capital. The law of changing the share price in the long-run period is a combination of opposite laws. Chance built in the growth trend, on the one hand includes uncertainty of both duration of share price growth period and characteristics of its drop during stock crises. On the other hand, long-term dynamics of share price is dynamics of its short-term casual changes.