* Autor a quien debe ser dirigida la correspondencia.Recibido Ago. 25, 2011; Aceptado Oct. 12, 2011; Versión Final recibida Nov. 03, 2011 Resumen Se desarrolló un proceso fermentativo mediante hidrólisis endógena inducida para producir etanol a partir de banano verde no apto para exportación. El potencial de las vinazas también fue evaluado para obtener biogás. A escala de 1 litro se comparó la hidrólisis endógena inducida con la hidrólisis exógena usando enzimas comerciales, y la hidrólisis ácida tomando como punto de referencia el etanol producido en la fermentación. Con la hidrólisis endógena se obtuvo los mayores rendimientos y con esta metodología se realizaron fermentaciones a 15 litros Los rendimientos de etanol en promedio fueron 0.065 litros por kilogramo de banano verde y los del biogás fueron 2.24 litros por litro de vinaza. El proceso propuesto presenta rendimientos comparables con los de la fermentación de caña de azúcar. Además presenta ventajas, tales como su bajo costo, fácil operación y por ser una alternativa de solución ambientalmente compatible en el área del manejo de residuos de cosecha.
Palabras clave: hidrólisis enzimática; banano de rechazo, etanol, biogás, fermentación
Biogas and Bioethanol Production from Non-Exportable Low Quality Banana AbstractIn this study was developed a fermentative process to produce ethanol from green banana non optimal for exportation through one induced endogenous hydrolysis. The potential of the stillage to produce biogas was also evaluated. It was compared the induced endogenous hydrolysis, with the exogenous hydrolysis that uses commercial enzymes and the traditional acid hydrolysis done all of them in a final volume of 1 liter, the reference point was the ethanol produced in the fermentation process. The maximum performance was obtained with the endogenous hydrolysis and with these methodology fermentations at 15 liter as done. The average of ethanol produced was 0.065 liters from one kilogram of green banana and the biogas production was 2.24 liter per liter of stillage. The proposed process shows performance comparable with that obtained by sugar cane fermentation. Also the methodology demonstrated several advantages, such as low cost, simple to operate, and because it constitutes a good alternative, which is environmentally compatible in the area of management of crop residues.
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