Background: Partograph is cost effective and affordable tool designed to provide a continuous pictorial overview and labour progress used to prevent prolonged and obstructed labour. It consists of key information about progress of labour, fetal condition and maternal condition. Its role is to improve outcomes and predict the progress of labour. The aim of this study was to assess utilization of partograph and its predictors among midwives working in public health facilities, Addis Ababa city administration, Ethiopia, 2017. Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from 15/10/ 2017-15/12/2017.Simple random sampling under multistage sampling technique was applied to select a total of 605 midwives working in maternity unit of selected public health facilities. Data were collected using structured self-administered questionnaire. Checklist based direct observations were made to all midwife participants to determine the actual practical use of partograph. Data first entered in to EpiInfo version 3.5.1 and transported to SPSS Version 21.Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and median were calculated. Biviriate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were applied. Any personal identification of the study participants was not recorded during data collection to ensure confidentiality of information. Results: In this study, the utilization of partograph was 409(69%) out of 594 study participants. Being mentored(AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.7, 5.3),received training (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI:1.5,3.6),being knowledgeable about partograph (AOR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1, 2.5), health center workers(AOR = 12.6; 95% CI:5.1,31.6),supportive supervision 4 times per year (AOR = 18.6; 95% CI: 6.6,25),supportive supervision twice per a year (AOR = 4.7; 95% CI: 1.9, 11.3), supportive supervision once per year (AOR =3.8;95% CI:1.7,8.8) were positive predictors of partograph utilization. Two midwives per shift (AOR = 0.101; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.65), and 4 per shift (AOR = 0.105, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.40) were protective predictors of partograph utilization. Conclusions: More than half of the respondents utilized partograph. All public health institutions avail partograph in their laboring room but didn't utilize it according to WHO recommended standard. Working facility, supportive supervision, mentoring, training on partograph, number of midwives working per shift, and knowledge were factors affecting partograph utilization. Encouraging interventions are recommended to the response of the above significantly associated factors.

Background: Dental Caries is a common but unnoticed health problem affecting all age groups Dental Surgeon to population ration is 1:900000 rendering effective service with this scarce man power impossible. Objective: To determine the prevalence of dental caries in Eritrea. Method: A cross-sectional comparative study was conducted to determine the prevalence of dental caries and the factors contributing to it among high school students of Asmara. Data was collected in the month of April 2002. The study population was from 4 randomly selected schools out of the 13 high schools. The data collection techniques were interviewing and observations using structured questionnaire and check list forms .The sampling method was multi stage 4 schools were selected by simple random sampling and systematic sampling was applied to select 100 students from each of the year sampled schools. Results: Slightly more than 50% of the students had dental caries .Of these 123 (67%) of the students had 1-3 decayed teeth. The study did not reveal any significant association between the suspected contributing factors and dental caries. The awareness of the students in regard to their dental health status had significant association with the presence of dental caries. But 88 (55%) of them did not seek medical care in spite of knowing that they had dental problem. Conclusion: Dental carries are common among school going children. There is limited knowledge about the existence of the problem and even if present a substantial fraction does not seek medical attention. There is urgent need to institute national interventions to prevent the further increase in disease burden from dental diseases. Conclusion: Dental caries are a major disease in Eritrea. IEC materials should be disseminated to curb further increase in dental problems targeting students at high schools as they are a vulnerable group.