Background: Partograph is cost effective and affordable tool designed to provide a continuous pictorial overview and labour progress used to prevent prolonged and obstructed labour. It consists of key information about progress of labour, fetal condition and maternal condition. Its role is to improve outcomes and predict the progress of labour. The aim of this study was to assess utilization of partograph and its predictors among midwives working in public health facilities, Addis Ababa city administration, Ethiopia, 2017. Methods: An institution based cross-sectional study design was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia from 15/10/ 2017-15/12/2017.Simple random sampling under multistage sampling technique was applied to select a total of 605 midwives working in maternity unit of selected public health facilities. Data were collected using structured self-administered questionnaire. Checklist based direct observations were made to all midwife participants to determine the actual practical use of partograph. Data first entered in to EpiInfo version 3.5.1 and transported to SPSS Version 21.Descriptive statistics such as frequency, percentage, mean, and median were calculated. Biviriate and multivariable logistic regression analysis were applied. Any personal identification of the study participants was not recorded during data collection to ensure confidentiality of information. Results: In this study, the utilization of partograph was 409(69%) out of 594 study participants. Being mentored(AOR = 3.1; 95% CI: 1.7, 5.3),received training (AOR = 2.4; 95% CI:1.5,3.6),being knowledgeable about partograph (AOR = 1.6; 95% CI: 1.1, 2.5), health center workers(AOR = 12.6; 95% CI:5.1,31.6),supportive supervision 4 times per year (AOR = 18.6; 95% CI: 6.6,25),supportive supervision twice per a year (AOR = 4.7; 95% CI: 1.9, 11.3), supportive supervision once per year (AOR =3.8;95% CI:1.7,8.8) were positive predictors of partograph utilization. Two midwives per shift (AOR = 0.101; 95% CI: 0.05, 0.65), and 4 per shift (AOR = 0.105, 95% CI: 0.03, 0.40) were protective predictors of partograph utilization. Conclusions: More than half of the respondents utilized partograph. All public health institutions avail partograph in their laboring room but didn't utilize it according to WHO recommended standard. Working facility, supportive supervision, mentoring, training on partograph, number of midwives working per shift, and knowledge were factors affecting partograph utilization. Encouraging interventions are recommended to the response of the above significantly associated factors.

Background Evidence suggests that not all human resource departments have hired their facility staff based on federal licensing standards, with some hiring without an active license. This is common in some, if not all, parts of the country. The paucity of healthcare experts, high turnover rates, employee burnout, and challenges in training and development issues were all key recruiting challenges globally. Objective To assess the practice of health professionals’ licensing and its predictors among hiring bodies in Ethiopia, March 24/2021–May 23/2021. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in privately and publicly funded health facilities throughout Ethiopia. For each region, a stratified sampling strategy was utilized, followed by a simple random sampling method. Documents from the recruiting bodies for health professionals were reviewed. A pretested structured questionnaire and document review tool were used to extract data confidentially. A descriptive analysis of the basic hiring body characteristics was conducted. Hiring body characteristics were analyzed in bivariate and multivariate logistic regression to identify factors associated with best health professionals licensing practice. Data management and analysis were conducted with Epi-Data version 4.4.3.1 and SPSS version 23, respectively. Results The analysis included 365 hiring bodies and 4991 files of health professionals (1581 from private and 3410 from public health organizations). Out of 365 hiring bodies studied, 66.3% practiced health professional licensing. A total of 1645 (33%) of the 4991 professionals whose files were reviewed were found to be working without any professional license at all. Furthermore, about 2733 (55%) have an active professional license, and about 603 (12%) were found to work with an expired license. Being a private facility (adjustedOR = 21.6; 95% CI = 8.85–52.55), obtaining supervision from a higher organ (adjustedOR = 19.7; 95%CI: 2.3–169.1), and conducting an internal audit (adjustedOR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.15–6.34) were predictors of good licensing practice. Conclusions The licensing of health practitioners was poorly practiced in Ethiopia as compared to the expected proclamation of the country. A system for detecting fake licenses and controlling revoked licenses does not exist in all regions of the country.

Background: Active monitoring of entry into the workforce starts with the licensing of professionals before entering the workforce. The professional licensing bodies are potentially valuable sources for tracking the health workforce as many skilled health-care providers require formal training, registration, and licensure to practice their professions. Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the health professionals’ licensing practice and its challenges among Health care managers in Ethiopia, 2021. Methods: A cross-sectional study design with a phenomenological approach was employed between March 26/2021 to April 30/2021, to collect qualitative data. We conducted in-depth interviews with a total of 32 purposively selected health system managers. An interview guide was prepared in English, translated to Amharic then pretested. Audio recorded data was transcribed verbatim, translated and analyzed thematically. Member check was done to check the credibility of the result. Results: Four major themes emerged from the data: (1) Awareness on the licensing practices, (2) Enforcement of licensing practices, (3) Systems for assuring the quality of licensing practices, and (4) Challenges to licensing practices. The lack of adequate awareness among managers on proper licensing practices was reported, resulting in practice variability. On the other hand, while regulators were clear on the requirements for professional licensing, employers placed an undue emphasis on ensuring that their employees met government licensing requirements. Importantly, respondents reported the lack of a well-developed quality assurance mechanism to ensure that the licensing system at different levels is regularly evaluated and remedied. Finally, the main practice challenges were identified as organizational, technical, and economic. Conclusions and recommendations: This study reported a sub-optimal health professionals’ licensing practice in Ethiopia. Challenges for health professionals’ licensing practice were identified as organisational, technical, and infrastructure related factors. Regulators shall establish a reliable system to continuously assure the quality of licensing practice nationally. Health care managers must implement mechanisms to regularly monitor the licensing status of their employees and ensure that government requirements are met. Collaboration and regular communication between regulators and employers can improve quality practice. Other encouraging interventions are recommended to the response of the above identified challenges.

Background Evidence suggests that not all human resource departments have hired their facility staff based on federal licensing standards, with some hiring without an active license. This is common in some, if not all, parts of the country. The paucity of healthcare experts, high turnover rates, employee burnout, and challenges in training and development issues were all key recruiting challenges globally. Objectives To assess the practice of health professionals’ licensing and its predictors among hiring bodies in Ethiopia, March 24/2021 –May 23/ 2021. Methods A quantitative technique was used in this institution-based cross-sectional study. From March 24 to May 23, 2021, the study was conducted in selected regional health bureaus, zonal health departments, district health offices, and both private and government-owned health facilities across Ethiopia. A stratified sampling strategy was used per region, followed by a simple random sampling technique. Samples were assigned proportionally. A total of 405 health professional hiring bodies were selected to participate in the study. Data was acquired using a pretested semi-structured questionnaire and document review tool. Epi-Data version 4.4.3.1 was used to enter the data, which was then exported to SPSS version 23. We ran a descriptive analysis, as well as bivariate and multivariate regression analyses. Tables, graphs, and pie charts are used to present the results. All data and information were kept confidential. Results The analysis included365 hiring bodies and 4991 files of health professionals (1581 from private and 3410 from public health organizations). Out of 365 hiring bodies studied, 66.3% practiced health professional licensing. 2733 (55%), 603 (12%), and 1645 (33%) of the 4991 professionals whose files were checked were found working with active, expired, and no professional license, respectively. Being a private facility (AOR = 21.56; 95% CI = 8.85–52.55), obtaining supervision from a higher organ (AOR = 19.74; 95%CI: 2.3–169.1), and conducting an internal audit (AOR = 2.7; 95% CI: 1.15–6.34) were predictors of good licensing practice. Conclusion The licensing of health practitioners was poorly practiced in Ethiopia as compared to the expected proclamation of the country. A system for detecting fake licenses and controlling revoked licenses does not exist in all regions.