PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to provide a detailed review of radiation dosimetry techniques based on optical fibre dosimeters. It presents a comprehensive bibliography of the current research activities in the area.Design/methodology/approachA range of published work on optical fibre radiation dosimeters are presented, with the merits and limitations discussed. Each radiation dosimetry technique is discussed in turn, providing examples of dosimeters using such techniques reviewed. The main focus is on gamma radiation although other radiation dosimeters are considered.FindingsThis paper provides information on the wide range of research activity into radiation dosimeters. The dose ranges of these dosimeters are presented, along with the advantages and disadvantages of different dosimetry techniques.Originality/valueA comprehensive review of published research in the area of solid radiation dosimetry is presented in this paper. It provides an individual with a review of the various techniques used and most recent research in that field.

Low-pressure mercury lamps are commonly used for germicidal applications. The germicidal effect is due to the emission of light at 254 nm, which leads to the destruction of the most waterborne bacteria and viruses. The microwave plasma ultraviolet (UV) lamp (MPUVL) is a new technology for generating a high-intensity UV light and that can be also controlled to operate at 185 nm; irradiation is in air at this wavelength produces ozone. The microwave power is injected into a resonant cavity and the surface wave excitation takes place within the cavity through that part of the discharge tube (fused silica) protruding inside it. The MPUVL has many advantages over conventional lamps, which are limited to an output power in the region of 30 W m-1, while MPUVL can deliver any amount of power per unit length and the tube can be of any shape, length or diameter. This paper describes the design of the MPUVL and compares its efficiency with that of conventional lamps through spectral analysis. Other results, which include the effects of temperature and different power inputs, are also discussed.

A novel electromagnetic wave sensor operating at GHz frequencies for real-time chlorides concentration analysis is reported. The sensor response to deionized water, NaCl, KCl, MnCl2 and CuCl solutions at various concentrations was tested. The sensing element, in the form of a silver pattern antenna that emits an electromagnetic field, was printed on a polyimide flexible laminate substrate to form a sensor to suit a broad range of applications, where a sensor could be placed in water reservoirs or fluid-carrying pipes for continuous analysis. The developed system confirmed the viability of using microwaves for real-time chloride solutions monitoring as the reflected signals represented by S11 parameters were unique with clearly observed shifts in the resonant frequencies and amplitude changes when placed in direct contact with 20 µl of each solution.

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