his study was conducted to evaluate the effect of use various traditional oil sources (soybean oil (SO) or palm oil (PO)) and untraditional fat sources (short-chain fatty acids (FA) or distillated fatty acids (DFA)) in Japanese quail diets compared with control diets (without any fats source) on productive performance, slaughter and carcass traits, breast meat quality and blood parameters. Thus, each experiment investigated four fats by substituting them into a basal diet at the expense of the energy-yielding ingredients. At 7-day of age, 300 unsexed, Japanese quails were divided into 5 groups (60 quails each). Each group contained 3 replicates of 20 quails each. Five dietary treatments were distributed according to diets fed to quails consecutively during starter, grower and finisher phases. The experimental groups were: Basal diet without any fats (Control), Basal diet containing soybean oil as a fat sources (T1), palm oil (T2), fatty acids (T3) and distillated fatty acids (T4). The obtained result in this study revealed that 1 .There were no significant differences among all groups in live body weight (LBW) and body weight gain (BWG), feed consumption (FC) and Feed conversion ratio (FCR) values during starter, grower, finisher or overall periods, Except starter FC of (T2) group. 2 .Values of Energy conversion ratio (ECR), Protein conversion ratio (PCR), performance index (PI) and production efficiency factor (PEF) showed that all experimental groups are significantly similar to the control group. quails fed (T1) diet had better protein conversion ratio (PCR) but (T2) was the lowest values. 3 .Quails fed (T4) which fed Distillated fatty acids obtained the highest values on percentage of carcass, liver, heart, giblets and weight of edible parts. Otherwise, No significant differences among all experimental groups in weight of bursa and spleen. 4. Quails fed (T4) diet had the highest percentages of breast meat moisture and saturated fatty acid values. While quails fed control diets, had the highest water holding capacity (WHC) and unsaturated fatty acid values. 5 .No significant differences among all experimental groups in plasma total protein, albumin, globulin, total cholesterol, HDL, calcium or phosphorus, while plasma AST, ALT or LDL, was superior with quails fed (T4) diets. It could be recommended from this study to supplement 1,2 and 3% distillated fatty acids to quail diets in age up to 42 days for improve carcass characteristics and fatty acid profile of breast meat .

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hree experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of drinking water supplementation with 0, 5 and 10 ppm of Nano-silver particles (AgNPs) / liter on performance, carcass characteristics and gut micro-flora population of grower rabbits from 63 to 91day of age, broiler chicks from 1 to 42 day of age and grower Japanese quails from 7 to 42 days of age. Results showed that, different levels of AgNPs in drinking water hadn't any significant effect on body weight, body weight gain (BWG) or feed conversion ratio (FCR) of rabbits. Concerning broiler chicks; the control group performed well compared with supplemented groups. Both BWG and FCR for Japanese quails recorded best values for 10 ppm supplemented group compared with control group. In all tested poultry species, the levels of 5 ppm and 10 ppm resulted in a reduction in total viable bacteria, pathogenic bacteria representing E Coli and beneficial bacteria representing Lactobacillus of intestinal gut especially for 10 ppm level causing negative effect on performance of grower broiler chicks but less on grower rabbits or Japanese quail, suggesting that, both species may be less sensitive for existence of AgNPs in drinking water, while broiler chicks might be more sensitive. Most of carcass characteristics were not significantly affected by existence or level of drinking water AgNPs supplementation except liver percent of grower quail, which needs to undergo more research works.

study was conducted to determine the effect of increasing dietary cholecalciferol in deficient calcium and phosphorus broiler diets on productive performance, carcass characteristics and some tibia measurements. A total of 270 one day old Hubbard chicks were weighed and randomly allocated into a completely randomized design (five treatments, six replicate groups, nine chicks in each group). The experimental diets were as follows: (T1) control diet, was formulated according to the manual guide of Hubbard broiler chicks. (T2 to T5) tested diets were containing half of the calcium and available phosphorus requirements with extra levels of cholecalciferol 5000 (T2), 6000 (T3), 7000, (T4) and 8000 (T5) international units. The main results obtained can be summarized as follows: At 6 weeks of age, body weight and gain of birds fed either control or deficient calcium and phosphorus diets with 7000 (T4) and 8000 (T5) I.U. of cholecalciferol were significant heavier than those with 5000 (T2) or 6000 (T3) and consume less feed and gave better feed conversion ratio. The highest production efficiency factors were recorded for the control and T5 groups. Carcass characteristics (dressing % and ready to cook %) were significantly higher in birds fed control or those fed T4 and T5 diets compared with that fed T2 and T3 diets. Tibia breaking strength, tibia length and width of birds fed control or T5 diets were higher than other treatments with significant differences. It could be concluded that using the half requirements of calcium and available phosphorus in broiler diets supplemented with 8000 IU/kg cholecalciferol would have a positive effect on the cost of production of broiler chicks, without any adverse effect on productive performance, carcass and tibia characteristics.

n experiment was conducted to study the effect of feeding recommended (23%, Diet 1) or high (25%, super starter, Diet 2) crude protein in starter diets on productive performance, carcass characteristics and economical efficiency of Hubbard broiler chickens. A total of 225, day old Hubbard broiler male chicks were randomly distributed into 5 treatments at (1-35) days of age, each with three replicates of 15 birds each. The five treatments were: T 1) Control group, chicks fed (Diet 1) ad-libitum the other treatments from T 2 till T 5 , chicks were fed (Diet 2)at different quantities being 125g, 250g, 375g and 500g/chick, respectively followed by (Diet 1) to the end of starter period (14 days of age). During grower and finisher periods, all chicks were fed recommended diets at these phases. At the end of experiment at 35 days of age, 4 broilers chicken per treatment were slaughtered and evaluated for carcass traits. The results indicate that: Body weight, body weight gain and feed intake were linearly increased, whereas feed conversion ratio decreased as super starter diet increased, during overall period (1-35 days of age). The best values of body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein and energy conversion ratio were observed for chickens fed 500g super starter diet compared with other dietary treatments. In most cases differences between treatments were significant (P≤0.01). Carcass characteristics of chicks fed super starter diet, added at different levels had no effects on carcass characteristics. The best economical efficiency value were demonstrated when broiler chickens fed (500g Diet 2 /chick) super starter diet and the values was 33.09% more when compared to that of chicks fed control diets. In conclusion, feeding broiler chickens super starter diet at level of (500g/chick) support and enhance productive performance and economical efficiency.