In the conditions of economic instability, it is importance to improve the quality of the production potential, which the regions of the country have in accordance with the different conditions. However, the available accumulated potential does not always allow to develop steadily and achieve strategic objectives. The study attempted to diagnose the production potential of the subjects of one of the leading macro-regions of the Russian Federationthe Urals Federal District. In the Urals Federal District regions are formedgrowth poles. These include, primarily, the Khanty-Mansiysk and Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Districts. They have a commodity export orientation, are among the three leading regions in the value of fixed assets, second only to the Moscow. However, the capital productivity is low due to the high cost of fixed assets. The Sverdlovsk Region, which historically develops an industrial complex based on engineering and metallurgy, has a significant production potential. By value of fixed assets, the region ranks sixth in the country. According to capital productivity, the region is the third in the Urals Federal District. Another subject has a large accumulated potentialthe Chelyabinsk Region. Its economy based on the metallurgical industry, engineering, chemical complex. The capital productivity of the highest of these subjects, second only to the Tyumen region without autonomous districts. The positive impact on the production potential of the macro-region of innovation, together with the development of production complexes, has a beneficial effect on the economic security of the Ural macro-region.