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The article considers issues related to prices, taxes, and export duties for oil and oil products in Russia and foreign countries. The act adopted in August 2018 related to the gradual (within 6 years) cancellation of export duty on oil with the corresponding increase in severance tax (ST) is analyzed. This will lead to the growth of domestic prices for oil and oil products, as well as rise in inflation, and will have an adverse impact on economic growth rates (This will result simultaneously in the rise in prices for oil-importing EAEU countries. The rates of oil and diesel fuel price growth in Russia significantly exceed the inflation rate in 2018). The comparative analysis of the structure of prices for gasoline in Russia and the United States, as well as prices for oil and diesel fuel in countries throughout the world in 2018, are given.

The main indicators that characterize the consumption of fuel and energy resources (FER) are the total domestic consumption of primary FER (the corresponding indicator in international handbooks, e.g., [1], is the total primary energy supply, TPES) and the final consumption of fuel and energy (the international equivalent is the total final consumption of energy, TFC). The second indicator, unlike the first one, does not include FER internal consumption by the enterprises of the fuel and energy complex and FER losses during transformation and transportation. To characterize the dynamics of the economy's energy intensity and energy efficiency and to make international comparisons, we usually use the indicators of FER per capita consumption and consumption per 1000 rubles ($1000) of GDP. Table 1 [2, p. 49; 3, pp. II.352-II.357] shows FER production and consumption indicators. The period from 2000 to 2004 clearly revealed gradual growth (although at very low rates) in both total and per capita FER consumption. The disturbed monotony of growth (a decrease from a year before) in 2002 only affected final FER consumption.Abstract -The energy intensity indices of the Russian GDP are presented in a form that allows comparison with similar indicators of other countries. The forecast shows that the energy efficiency of the Russian economy will be approaching that of Canada but will still remain significantly lower by 2010.

The main problem faced by the Russian electric power industry during the economy's transition to market relations in the 1990s was its nonmarket structure. It has always been thought that the electric power industry is a natural monopoly, best controlled through centralized state management. Since the early 1990s, many countries have seen active deregulation and reconstruction in their electric power industries (theoretical approaches to its structure and operation have been revised since the 1970s). Reforms in this sector are aimed at increasing its economic, primarily, financial, effectiveness using such an efficient tool as market competition. Market reform outcomes in many countries have turned out negative or, at best, disputable. An improvement in the financial positions of energy companies was often due to a decrease in the energy safety of the economy and population, primarily, because of the decreased reliability of energy supply and the inceptive deficit of electric energy. Energy crises in a number of countries have shown that it is wrong to regard the market criterion of companies' financial efficiency as dominant; in this case, it does not conform to the social wellbeing criterion.Reasons for reforming electric power engineering in Russia. The Unified Energy System (UES) of the Soviet Union, and of Russia since 1991, is the world's largest energy complex, covering one-seventh of the earth's territory and eight time zones. The unique character of Russia's power engineering is mainly because it was organized as a single technological complex for simultaneous energy supply to more than 70 regions of the country, each of which is comparable in area to many European countries. The regional principle of dividing energy-generating sources, interconnected by main high-voltage lines, and the unified system of operational dispatch management ensured the world's best trouble-free operation of the Russian electric power industry.The reliability of energy supply was supported by the parallel operation of all electric power stations for the country's single ring electric network by constantly renovating electric power stations, increasing their capacities, and building the supply networks and power lines. The UES efficiency was gained by optimizing its operating modes, which helped decrease costs in electricity and heat tariffs. Plans on developing the country's power engineering envisaged an increase in the throughput of the main lines between time zones (particularly, to the Far East), the construction of new hydroelectric and nuclear power stations, and the implementation of new gas-turbine technologies of power generation.During perestroika, UES specialists studied the possibility of using market mechanisms in this industry. They analyzed the experience of energy systems in market economies with different industry management structures, such as France, Finland, Sweden, Germany, Japan, and the United States. For example, the French electric power industry operates as a unified energy system with 100% state equi...

The linear equation of the regressional relationship for the internal consumption of primary fuel energy resources (FER) to GDP is (1) where is the internal consumption of primary FER in year t, V t is the size of GDP in year t, a 0 is a constant term, and a 1 is the coefficient characterizing the effect of the unit of GDP growth on primary con sumption of FER. Assume it to be constant over the entire period from 2007 to 2020.In order to obtain the coefficients a 0 and a 1 , the least square method was employed based on the pro cessed statistical data for 2000-2008 on the internal FER consumption and Russian GDP (Table 1). GDP parameters for 2000-2008 are given in the constant prices of 2007.The following regression equation is obtained:for E expressed in million tce; V in billions of rubles. The equation is statistically significant; the coeffi cient of determination is R 2 = 0.94 (multiple R = 0.97) and is not random, and the F criterion = 108.08. The model coefficients are statistically significant; the t statistic is 44.65 and 10.4, corresponding to the coef ficients of the equation. Table 1 also gives deviations of the calculated values from the actual figures of primary FER consumption by years.The elasticity coefficient of primary FER consumption to GDP obtained from (2) will be a 1 × =where and are the average values of V and E for 2000-2008. Therefore, under GDP growth by 1%, FER consumption increases by 0.17%. According to (2), the major contribution to inter nal consumption of FER is made by the constant term of regression; i.e., 768.35 million tce and FER con sumption in relation to GDP for 2007 is 213.92 mil lion tce, or 21.8%. At GDP growth in the forecast period up to 2020, the share of FER consumption that depends on the GDP will grow.The GDP energy intensity (E sp ) is determined by the formula (3) As is seen, at the constant value of the coefficient a 1 , the energy intensity will decrease with the GDP growth. The GDP energy intensity in 2007 was by equation (2): Therefore, the energy intensity depends on the pre dicted GDP growth. Estimate of GDP growth up to 2020. The GDP growth rate in Russia for 2009-2012 estimated by the Russian Ministry for Economic Development in November 2009 [1] is According to these data, the GDP size in 2012 (the GDP growth by 6.3% in 2008) will be 33 tril 2009 2010 2011 2012 GDP growth rate -8.5 2-3.3 2-3 3-4 27202.39 944.79 V E E sp E V a 0 a 1 V + V a 0 V a 1 . + = = = E sp 768.35 32.98 6 + 29.3 tce/million rubles. = = SCIENTIFIC REPORTSAbstract-A forecast of the energy intensity of the Russian GDP in 2020 has been prepared based on a one factor regression model and using statistical data on the internal consumption of fuel energy resources and GDP in 2000-2008. According to the obtained regression equation, the bulk of consumption of fuel energy resources does not depend on the GDP size (i.e., the constant term of regression is 768 tce), while the part of fuel energy resource consumption depending on the GDP was 214 tce for 2007, or 21.8% of the total con sumptio...