Аннотация. В статье представлены результаты регистрации тератологических проявлений у элементов сорнорудерльной фракции флоры Донбасса (Донецко-Макеевской промышленной агломерации, Енакиевского, Горловского и Харцызского промышленных узлов). В соответствии с региональной классификационной схемой тератогенеза растений выявлена экотопическая обусловленность структурных аномалий у видов-индикаторов в антропогенно трансформированной среде. Дан анализ морфотипической деструкции гистогенеза и органогенеза репродуктивных и генеративных сфер развития фитокомпонентов различных экотопов Донбасса. Геоспецифичность тератоморфных проявлений установлена по корреляции с основными показателями промышленного загрязнения среды -концентрациями тяжёлых металлов в ризоэдафосфере видов, индицирующих состояние экотопов при проведении локальных экспертиз.Ключевые слова: фитоиндикация, промышленные экотопы, экологический мониторинг, оценка загрязнения, Донбасс.

Examples of atypical structure of the embryonic apparatus of indicator plants in the Donbas are highlighted. Many years of experience in conducting phytoindication experiments (1998–2022) made it possible to identify accounting sites with contrasting geochemical characteristics and monodominant ingredient pollution. Registered abnormalities are considered as variants of extreme structural polymorphism of plants of natural flora under conditions of specific stress of the technogenic environment. For phytotesters Amaranthus retroflexus L., Atriplex patula L., Capsella bursa-pastoris (L.) Medik., Diplotaxis muralis (L.) DC., Polygonum aviculare L., Reseda lutea L. and Senecio vulgaris L. integral indicators of the state of generative systems (2019–2021) were calculated according to the structure of pollen, the frequency of occurrence of teratological manifestations in the embryonic apparatus and successful seed germination. Examples of specific manifestations of degradation and neoplasms in the structures of plant embryonic tissues are given. The morphological experiment was implemented in the ascertainment of contrasting levels of dominant pollutants, which makes it possible to recommend specific features of plant structure as markers for ecological monitoring of natural environments. An assumption about the influence of individual tissue transformations in germinal structures on the quality of seed material in general and on the methods of formation of adaptive heterospermia was made.

The results of the phytoindication monitoring carried out in the central industrial units of Donbass during 1996 – 2021 have summarized. Botanical indication is considered as a way to carry out a reliable ecological expertise when zoning ecological crisis areas in an industrial region. Geographic information analysis of botanical and ecological indices (occurrence frequency of teratogenic deviations of plants, structure and concentration of pollen grains, level of taxonomic diversity of bryophytes) allows to visualize indicators of the state of local geosystems in an anthropogenically transformed region.

The authors analyze the bibliographic information on ecological developments in Donbass for 2000–2022. With the subject headings of the bibliographic index, they follow the trends in ecotechnologies, scientific research and implementation of environmental protection methods and optimization of industrial region’s environments. They emphasize the value of targeted scientific research as the key source of science popularization and public ecological monitoring. They review research, technological and socially important undertakings that in aggregate contribute to achieve all possible harmonization of human existence in the transformed natural ecosystems. The botanical ecological monitoring of natural environments in Donbass has been the only and unique large-scale continuing experiment of independent expertise of region’s natural ecosystems during the social and political conflict (2014–2022). The research project in Donbass is not only the intellectual property object but also the source of ecological education, in particular, owing to the bibliographic analysis and direct community outreach.

The article presents the results of a long-term monitoring experiment (26 years) to identify indicator plants and their indices for assessing the state of ecosystems in the industrial region of Eastern Europe – Donbass. Ecological scales are discrete calculated or metric indicators that are important for quantification and examination of anropogenically transformed ecotopes. It is proposed to use four categories of ecological scales with a different mechanism for calculating the indices and different conditions of the experiment: 1) the principle of varying absolute metric parameters, 2) the calculated principle of correspondence of the percentage value; 3) the indices of the survival strategy implementation (vegetative and reproductive success); 4) the frequency of occurrence (or appearance) of characteristic features or the degree of specialization of functional discrete structures. Names of plant species of Donbass are given and their characteristics of variation are indicated in fractional 10-point scales.