The digital transformation of agricultural technological processes is substantiated to be relevant in the context of the exacerbating global problems of food security, the agricultural business stagnation in the regions of the northern Non-Black Earth Region, as well as the ESG transformation of the economy.Research purpose To develop control algorithms for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) based on numerical methods of machine learning to ensure the monitoring of the crops state and the improving of the production process planning and operational management.Materials and methods The following methodology was used: the original methods of machine learning, knowledge engineering and computer modeling for organizational and technological processes of technical objects’ life cycle in industry and products’ life cycle in the national economy,  as well as mathematical and algorithmic models, methods and prototypes of proactive automation tools for information, physical and energy interaction of heterogeneous robotic and cyber-physical complexes.Results and discussion Artificial intelligence systems were created for the photogrammetric processing of visible spectrum images and those taken with multispectral video cameras with the construction of orthophotomaps, digital elevation models. Machine learning numerical methods were applied. Possible ways of formulating recommendations for the land revegetation and amelioration were demonstrated. Algorithmic software and hardware have been developed for the automation of vertical farms, closed cycle fish farming plants. The authors carried out wireless registration of measured and calculated parameters received from the distributed sensors, conducted their analysis based on big data technologies and proactive control of cyber-physical devices responsible for the functioning of the aqua and phytocultures life support systems. The authors provided the examples of produced UAVs and attachments designed for processing the agricultural land, as well as examples of automation modules for vertical farms that provide proactive autonomous control.Conclusions It was determined that the developed software and hardware ensured a 6-percent increase in the residual charge of the UAV battery after the flight. Image analysis using a multispectral camera improved the accuracy of identifying the plant areas with phytopathologies up to 99 percent.

To create multifunctional robotic platforms for agricultural use, it is reasonable to use a modular principle that will allow installing various equipment depending on the tasks assigned to the robotic tool. Providing autonomous reconfiguration capabilities will reduce human interference and maintenance costs. (Research purpose) This work is aimed at developing a scalable device for interfacing functional modules with the agricultural robotic base platform, which can provide mechanical fixation, energy transfer and information exchange. (Materials and methods) This article analyzes the previous research into the solutions for interfacing modules in robotic complexes and points out their benefits and drawbacks. Based on the analysis and own research, the interface mechanism structure was developed to ensure the correct mutual position and fixation of the module to the base platform under the assumption of possible energy and information exchange. (Results and discussion) In the course of the work, the design ratios for the interface device were derived, making it possible to calculate the permissible linear displacements and permissible angular deviation of the mechanism interfacing elements. Based on the permissible linear deviations up to 10-13 millimeters and a permissible angular deviation of 20 degrees, the main dimensions of the device prototype were obtained. A prototype interface device was operationalized with the dimensional specifications of 200 millimeters in length, 130 millimeters in width, 58 millimeters in height. Several experiments with the device prototype were carried out based on various linear and angular deviations of the interfacing elements. (Conclusions) It was found out that successful interfacing occurs in 98 percent of cases subject to admissible calculated displacements. It was concluded that the proposed interface device will allow for the autonomous replacement of modules of multifunctional robotic platforms.

Рассмотрены перспективы развития органического молочного скотоводства в Российской Федерации, обусловленные вступлением в действие закона «Об органической продукции». Проанализированы факторы, способствующие развитию производства органического молока: возможность реализации эффекта масштаба, организация производства на необрабатываемых в течение ряда лет землях, свободных от остаточных проявлений интенсивной обработки, благоприятная конъюнктура внутреннего рынка, государственная поддержка экспорта. Определены основные сдерживающие факторы: отсутствие апробированных и адаптированных к региональным условиям технологий; усиление требований к качеству планирования и контроля; дефицит квалифицированных специалистов, имеющих опыт производства органической продукции; отсутствие узнаваемости бренда, негарантированность получения высокой ценовой премии. Исследованы возможности инновационных цифровых технологий в повышении производительности и результативности труда специалистов в кормопроизводстве и молочном скотоводстве, в обеспечении прослеживаемости и управляемости производственно-хозяйственного процесса в отрасли, контроля соответствия сырья и продукции требованиям к органическому производству. The article considers the prospects for the development of organic dairy farming in the Russian Federation, due to the entry into force of the law «On Organic Products». Factors contributing to the development of organic milk production were analyzed: the possibility of realizing economies of scale, the organization of production on uncultivated lands for several years, free from residual effects of intensive processing, favorable situation on the domestic market, government support for exports. Identified the main constraints: the lack of tested and adapted to regional conditions technologies; increased requirements for quality planning and monitoring; the shortage of qualified specialists with experience in organic production; lack of brand recognition, non-guaranteed high price premium. The article explores the possibilities of innovative digital technologies to improve the productivity of specialists in fodder production and dairy farming, provide traceability and manageability of production and economic process in the industry, control of compliance of raw materials and products with the requirements for organic production.