UV-irradiation (lambda = 254 nm) of liquid aqueous solutions of deoxyguanosine in the presence of oxygen at pH less than 7 causes an intensive degradation of nucleoside. The quantum yield estimated from A254 decrease for the reaction mixture was found to be 1.5X10(-4) at doses to 150 E/mole. The rate of A254 decrease was found to grow with increasing doses. The structures of the products isolated from the reaction mixture after irradiation suggest that one of the ways of deoxyguanosine degradation is a breakdown of a purine cycle without splitting of N-glycoside bond. Simultaneously another type of photoinduced modification of guanine nucleus takes place, which is followed by appearance of free 2-deoxyribose. Deoxyguanosine degradation in both directions is kinetically one-step process proceeding with comparable quantum yields of approximately 1X10(-4).
The purpose of this study is to determine the head losses of water flow of wastewater in the elements of an open diversion irrigation network. The water loss for filtration, evaporation, hydraulic resistance, etc. in the system is taken into account. Diversion irrigation systems are used in foothill and mountainous areas with large topography changes where the water flow having kinetic energy acquires potential energy in the sharp changes of slope. When the water flow moves along the diversion irrigation canals its head drops out. There are two types of head loss during the water flow movement: head loss by length and local head loss. As a result, the water pressure entering the sprinklers hydrants can be significantly less than the pressure needed for high-quality irrigation of the irrigated area. As in any reclamation system, hydraulic structures of various designs are used on diversion canals. These structures perform one or another role in the transformation of the kinetic energy of water flow into mechanical, electrical energy, or both. To achieve this goal, the theoretical problems of classical mechanics and hydraulics have been applied. The methods of investigation are based on theoretical materials with the derivation of calculated dependences for determining the head losses of water flow. To derive the kinetic and potential energy of the water flow, the basic law of dynamics of classical mechanics is used. The final result of the principle of energy is given in the article. After small mathematical transformations, this theorem is reduced to the Bernoulli equation for a section of the water flow separated by sections 1-1 and 2-2 (length L) with its smoothly changing motion. The novelty of the article is the development of a methodology (algorithm) for calculating the head losses of water flow and a flowchart for calculating (with the help of a computer) the head (energy) losses of water flow for a single canal of diversion network. Key words: diversion irrigation network, passing of snowmelt and shower wastewater, head losses of the water flow along the length of the water course, local losses, work, efficiency coefficient.
Российский научно-исследовательский институт проблем мелиорации, Новочеркасск, Российская Федерация МЕТОДИКА ГИДРАВЛИЧЕСКОГО РАСЧЕТА САМОТЕЧНОЙ ТРУБЧАТОЙ СЕТИ НА ПЯТОЙ ОЧЕРЕДИ БОЛЬШОГО СТАВРОПОЛЬСКОГО КАНАЛАЦелью исследований являлась разработка алгоритма гидравлического расчета самотечной трубчатой сети каналов на пятой очереди Большого Ставропольского канала. Для достижения поставленной цели выполняется поэтапный расчет требуемого расхода воды, начиная с расхода дождевальных машин, одновременно выполняющих полив площади севооборотного участка, подвешенного к выводному трубопроводураспределителю младшего порядка. Следующим этапом является определение расхода воды в трубопроводе-распределителе, из которого производится забор воды всеми распределителями младшего порядка одного хозяйства. Выполнение очередной задачи заключается в определении расхода воды (с учетом потерь по длине и местных) в межхозяйственном трубопроводе-распределителе, который обслуживает водой несколько хозяйств. Заключительным является расчет необходимого расхода воды в магистральном трубопроводе-распределителе с учетом потерь напора по длине и местных потерь в разветвлениях по его трассе. Материалом исследований явилась разработка методических рекомендаций по реконструкции и строительству мелиоративных систем и сооружений на основе использования деривационного принципа (на примере предгорной зоны Ставропольского края). Методы исследования базируются на использовании базовых теоретических и эмпирических зависимостей известных ученых в области гидравлики мелиоративных сооружений. Основной вывод заключается в том, что опыт строительства и эксплуатации Большого Ставропольского канала следует применить при проектировании и строительстве новых оросительных систем деривационного типа в горных и предгорных условиях.Ключевые слова: самотечная трубчатая сеть каналов, расчет гидравлических характеристик, дождевание, линейные и местные потери напора, распределительный трубопровод, потери напора.The purpose of the research was to develop an algorithm for the hydraulic calculation of a gravity tubular network of canals on the fifth line of the Great Stavropol Canal. To achieve this goal a step-by-step calculation of the required water flow is performed, starting with the consumption of sprinkling machines, at the same time fulfilling the watering of the area of crop rotation section, suspended to the output distribution pipeline field ditch. The next step is the es-Экология и водное хозяйство, № 2(02), 2019 г., [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62] 2 timation of water disposal in the distribution pipeline, from which water is withdrawn by all field ditches of a single farm. The next task is the estimation of water disposal (taking into account both losses by length and local ones) in the inter-farm distribution pipeline which serves several households with water. The final stage is the calculation the required water flow in the main distribution pipeline, taking into account the pressure losses along the length and local l...
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