At the present stage of water management complex development as a part of the agricultural-industrial complex (AIC), there is an ambitious task to create fundamentally new technologies for using water resources for existing and emerging irrigation and watering systems (I.W.S.). Based on the transformations in natural environments natural processes unity (atmosphere, hydrosphere, upper layers of the lithosphere and soil cover) aimed at the water resources formation (surface and underground runoff) within the basin geosystem under consideration spatial limits, with water use technological processes at I.W.S. as a part of the natural-technical system (NTS) “Environment - I.W.S. – Population” (“E.- I.W.S. - P.”), presents the comprehensive studies results of the processes of interconnection, interaction and relationship (IIR) of the I.W.S. technogenic component with E. and living P., on the basis of which the methodological foundations were developed for putting forward the new ideas on water resources use, where the central concept is the “Ecological Acceptability” of design decisions, stipulating the system principle of the principal role of the whole in relation to the main problems of Energy, Water, Food and Ecology. The I.W.S. environmental acceptability is determined by the current regulatory environmental requirements for environmental safety (ES) in the areas of I.W.S. influence. Based on the comprehensive research results, the constructive and technological requirements are formulated for providing electronic components in design solutions, as factors in providing electronic information for I.W.S.

Российский научно-исследовательский институт проблем мелиорации, Новочеркасск, Российская Федерация МЕТОДИКА ГИДРАВЛИЧЕСКОГО РАСЧЕТА САМОТЕЧНОЙ ТРУБЧАТОЙ СЕТИ НА ПЯТОЙ ОЧЕРЕДИ БОЛЬШОГО СТАВРОПОЛЬСКОГО КАНАЛАЦелью исследований являлась разработка алгоритма гидравлического расчета самотечной трубчатой сети каналов на пятой очереди Большого Ставропольского канала. Для достижения поставленной цели выполняется поэтапный расчет требуемого расхода воды, начиная с расхода дождевальных машин, одновременно выполняющих полив площади севооборотного участка, подвешенного к выводному трубопроводураспределителю младшего порядка. Следующим этапом является определение расхода воды в трубопроводе-распределителе, из которого производится забор воды всеми распределителями младшего порядка одного хозяйства. Выполнение очередной задачи заключается в определении расхода воды (с учетом потерь по длине и местных) в межхозяйственном трубопроводе-распределителе, который обслуживает водой несколько хозяйств. Заключительным является расчет необходимого расхода воды в магистральном трубопроводе-распределителе с учетом потерь напора по длине и местных потерь в разветвлениях по его трассе. Материалом исследований явилась разработка методических рекомендаций по реконструкции и строительству мелиоративных систем и сооружений на основе использования деривационного принципа (на примере предгорной зоны Ставропольского края). Методы исследования базируются на использовании базовых теоретических и эмпирических зависимостей известных ученых в области гидравлики мелиоративных сооружений. Основной вывод заключается в том, что опыт строительства и эксплуатации Большого Ставропольского канала следует применить при проектировании и строительстве новых оросительных систем деривационного типа в горных и предгорных условиях.Ключевые слова: самотечная трубчатая сеть каналов, расчет гидравлических характеристик, дождевание, линейные и местные потери напора, распределительный трубопровод, потери напора.The purpose of the research was to develop an algorithm for the hydraulic calculation of a gravity tubular network of canals on the fifth line of the Great Stavropol Canal. To achieve this goal a step-by-step calculation of the required water flow is performed, starting with the consumption of sprinkling machines, at the same time fulfilling the watering of the area of crop rotation section, suspended to the output distribution pipeline field ditch. The next step is the es-Экология и водное хозяйство, № 2(02), 2019 г., [45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60][61][62] 2 timation of water disposal in the distribution pipeline, from which water is withdrawn by all field ditches of a single farm. The next task is the estimation of water disposal (taking into account both losses by length and local ones) in the inter-farm distribution pipeline which serves several households with water. The final stage is the calculation the required water flow in the main distribution pipeline, taking into account the pressure losses along the length and local l...

The paper studies the formation and use of water resources on existing irrigation and watering systems (IWS) of Stavropol territory in cause-effect relation with the global problems of Energy, Water and Food defining the tendency of modern development of agricultural production thus meting the vital food needs in social development. Both at the level of the global system “Nature-Society-Person” within terrestrial biosphere and at its hierarchical levels of river basin geosystems, where water resources are formed, agricultural production is carried out on existing IWS, on the example of the Kuban, Terek and Lower Don rivers and with the population of over 23 million people, the modern social development is characterized by a stable tendency towards water finiteness in limited conditions for further development. The analysis of formation of water resources within the spatial limits of basin geosystems and their subsequent use on IWS determines the technological scheme of water use on irrigated lands. The problems of Energy, Water and Food in agricultural production on irrigated lands, as it was established in the processes of their systemic interconnection, interaction and relationship on current IWS of the Great Stavropol Canal have identified the dominant problem, according to which there is a need to take into account the geomorphological characteristics of the earth’s surface topography, geological zoning of the Stavropol territory, development of the methodology to improve energy efficiency of water resources using both non-renewable and renewable sources of energy in accordance with system principles: “system integrity”, “reflection of objective reality”, “ecological suitability”, “vital purposeful activity”. Seven conceptual statements of Ecological Suitability contributing to new ideas for the creation of new and improvement of existing IWS were developed within the concept of “ecological suitability” for IWS operating within NTS “NE – IWS – P” based on basic system principles.

Purpose: analysis of indicators of water resources (WR) use for withdrawal and losses in federal institutions of the reclamation industry. Materials and methods. Materials for analysis of water resources use indicators were provided according to a specially developed table 48 by federal state budgetary institutions “Department of Land Reclamation and Agricultural Water Supply” (FSBI). The data were analyzed in the context of federal districts (FD) and some FSBI. Results. It has been determined that, in general, in the Russian Federation in 2021, the volume of water withdrawal into water management systems (WMS) according to the FSBI amounted to 17.6 km³, the volume of losses was 4.4 km³ (25 % of the volume of water withdrawal). The main withdrawal and losses of WR (99 %) took place in three FD: North Caucasus, Southern and Volga FD. The North Caucasian FD is the leader in water withdrawal, its share in the total volume of water withdrawal is 62.5 %, or about 11 km³. Among the FSBI in terms of water withdrawal, the leading position is occupied by five FSBI: Kubanmeliovodkhoz, Department of the Ministry of Meliovodkhoz of the Republic of Dagestan, UEBSK, Stavropolmeliovodkhoz, Rostovmeliovodkhoz. In total, in 2021, they carried out the withdrawal of 12.3 km³ (70 % of the total volume of withdrawn WR). The largest volume of losses was noted in the North Caucasian FD – 2.5 km³. In the context of the FSBI, the largest losses occur at the Minmeliovodkhoz of the Republic of Dagestan and Kubanmeliovodkhoz, which amounted to 0.95 and 0.89 km³ in 2021, or 42 % of the total losses. Compared to 2020, there was an increase in losses by 12 and 41 %, respectively. According to FSBI, the largest share of losses from the volume of water withdrawal was noted in Astrakhanmeliovodkhoz and amounted to 35 %. Conclusions. To increase the efficiency of WR use, it is necessary to focus on the analysis of WMS operation in the North Caucasus and Southern FD, in particular, by the largest water users: FSBI “Minmeliovodkhoz of the Republic of Dagestan” and “Kubanmeliovodkhoz”, primarily with the aim of reducing losses when supplying WR to consumers.

Purpose: to conduct scenario studies of the hydrodynamic model of the Proletarskaya irrigation system to assess the impact of an additional regulation structure on its operation mode. Materials and methods. To conduct scenario studies, a hydrodynamic model was developed for the section of the Proletarskiy branch of the Don main canal with a total length of more than 30 km. The model is used to consider several scenarios. Results. According to the scenario studies results of the hydrodynamic model of the Proletarskaya irrigation system, it was found that using the operation mode of the additional structure identical to the head one, it is possible to achieve a water level reduction in the canal within 16 cm in the upstream and 80 cm in the downstream, which leads to a decrease in water storage by 45 million m³. Such levels make it possible to ensure the operation of the PR-1 canal in full, but it is difficult to predict the volume of water supply to water users located after the control structure at PK 1427. In this regard, the problem of selecting the optimal operating mode for the additional structure and structure at PK 1427 was solved. It was revealed that to ensure the specified criteria, the gate opening rate of the additional structure should not exceed 24.1 m BS, blocking on PK 1427 – 21.8 m BS. Such an operation mode of the structures allows saving about 30 million m³ of water during the irrigation period. Conclusions. Based on the results of scenario studies, it was found that the presence of additional structures improves regulation and contributes to an increase in the water use efficiency. At present, the determination of geometric parameters and the selection of operation modes of such structures can be carried out on computer models, using the actual state of irrigation systems.