Organic farming of poultry has increased in recent years as the prophylactic use of antibiotics has come into disfavor. This study was conducted to explore the antiparasitic effect of a methanolic extract of Peganum harmala in broilers challenged with coccidiosis. For this purpose, 200 1-week-old broiler chicks were divided into five treatments: negative control (basal diet, Ph-0/NC), positive control (basal diet with coccidiosis challenge, Ph-0/C), and three groups challenged with coccidiosis and supplemented with P. harmala at the rate of 200 mg L(-1) (Ph-200), 250 mg L(-1) (Ph-250), and 300 mg L(-1) (Ph-300) drinking water. Each group had three replicates of ten chicks each. Challenge with standard dose of the larvae of coccidiosis and supplementation of P. harmala were initiated on day 14 until 35 days of age. As expected, the results revealed that weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were depressed significantly in Ph-0 group with significant mortality percentage. Weight gain, total body weight, and FCR increased linearly with increasing dose of P. harmala with the exception of feed intake. The growth and feed efficiency of Ph-0/NC was better in Ph-0/NC compared to that in Ph-0/C and comparable to that in P. harmala-treated birds. Similarly, mean ooccytes per gram (OPG) decreased linearly (P < 0.05) in supplemented groups compared to that in Ph-0/C. Histological evidences showed that cecal lesion and leucocyte infiltration decreased markedly in supplemented groups of P. harmala specifically the Ph-300 group compared to those in Ph-0/C. From the present experiment, we concluded the anticoccidial effect of P. harmala in broiler chicks.

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Foodborne pathogens are spreading to humans through contamination of raw and cooked meat because of its inappropriate processing, handling and cooking. Therefore this research was performed for the evaluation of bacterial contamination from raw and cooked fish, mutton and beef sold by retailors in district Hyderabad. During present study, 150 total meat samples, 100 from raw meat (beef=40, mutton=40, fish=20) and 50 from cooked meat (beef=20, mutton=20, fish=10) were randomly collected from district Hyderabad and cultured on different media for isolation of bacterial species. The isolated species were identified by different biochemical tests. The results showed that the contamination of bacterial organisms in both raw and cooked meat was highest in beef followed by mutton and fish respectively (p < 0.05). In raw meat, bacterial species recorded were Escherichia coli (45%, 30% and 25%), Salmonella enteritidis (20%, 17.5% and 15%), Staphylococcus aureus (30%, 25% and 25%), Bacillus cereus (12.5%, 10% and 10%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (15%, 10% and 0%) and Shigella dysenteriae (10%, 12.5% and 5%) in beef, mutton and fish respectively. While from cooked beef, mutton and fish the prevalence of E. coli (25%, 25% and 20%), S. aureus (15%, 15% and 10%), S. enteritidis and B. cereus (10%, 10% and 10%) were observed. The highest (p < 0.05) bacterial load (g ¹) was detected in raw (1.76×10 6 ) and cooked (6.1×10 4 ) beef than raw (1.55×10 6 ) and cooked (4.5×10 4 ) mutton respectively, while raw (1.25×10 6 ) and cooked (2.9×10 4 ) fish exhibited the least (p < 0.05) bacterial load than other raw and cooked meat (beef and mutton) respectively. Data regarding antimicrobial susceptibility exhibited that among eight antibiotics E. coli, S. enteritidis, S. aureus and B. cereus were observed sensitive to gentamycin, norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin. K. pneumoniae showed sensitivity against gentamycin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, tetracycline and streptomycin; whereas S. dysenteriae was observed sensitive to gentamycin, norfloxacin, tetracycline and ampicillin. In conclusion, raw beef samples were found more contaminated than raw fish and mutton while cooked fish samples were observed less contaminated than cooked beef and mutton. Furthermore, all bacterial isolates (except K. pneumoniae) were found multidrug resistant.

This resaerch study was basically carried out for the purpose to assess the effect of moderate intensity exercise on cardiovascular health. Ten (10) participants were voluntarily selected and thus they were randomly divided into two (02) groups i.e. (Experimental Group (EG)=05+ Control Group (CG)=05.A self-made eight weeks’ self-made moderate intensity exercise protocol was applied on all the subjects. Pre and post test data were collected through Harvard Step Test. A written informed consent was taken from each subject before participation in the study. All participants were informed about the benefits and risk factors of the study. After fulfilling all the ethical protocols, eight weeks self-made moderate intensity exercise protocol was applied on all the subjects. Pre and post test data were collected through Harvard Step Test. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed by using various statistical tools. On the basis of analysis the researcher arrived at conclusion that exercise has a significant effect on cardiovascular health.