The design and analysis of Proportional + Integral + Derivative type controllers based upon both classical and modern control methods presents many challenges to the practising and student control engineer. This paper addresses the problem by proposing the concept of the controller-surface as an intuitive visual aid to controller design.

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In the jield of control systems, electronic circuits form the heart of many control algorithm implementation strategies. The standard approach in many applications utilises a digital control algorithm with, where necessary, external analogue and mixed-signal inteflacing circuitry. With the growth of HDL modelling of digital ASIC circuits and systems prior to Jixing the final ASIC structure, consideration is given to the use of the various design approaches taken to realise the final product. This paper will describe an approach in which a digital control algorithm core may be created using VHDL with a design and analysis flow at both the ASIC and control systems level. The algorithm core of the ASIC is part of an overall mixed-mode (mixed-signal) design, which is part of an overall mixed-technology solution. Macro modeling of the overall control system that targets available modeling and simulation approaches complements the VHDL core.

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