Nigella sativa, Carica papaya and Boswellia sacra are medicinal plants in the commonly used in folkloric medicine due to the presence of its immense therapeutic properties. Fifty (50) female albino mice weighing between 15-22g were divided into five groups of 10 mice each. Animal in group 1 served as control group and were administered distilled water while animal in group 2 were given 2ml of cisplatin (orally). Animal in group 3-5 were given orally; 100 mg/kg (low dose), 200 mg/kg (medium dose) and 400 mg/kg (high dose) of triherbal preparation. The feeding regimens lasted for 28 days. After 28 days, mammary gland and blood samples were collected for haematological and antioxidant analysis. The triherbal formula decreased the GSH and MDA levels of mice treated with 100 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg doses compare to control. The measurement of total protein content, SOD and CAT increased in treated animals compared to control. However, RBC (Red Blood Cell) counts significantly decreased in the low, medium and high dose groups (0.95 ±0.08, 6.57 ±0.08 and 3.55 ±0.55 x 106 cells/mm3 respectively) compared to control (7.34 ±0.40) at P<0.05. Also, significant decreases (P<0.05) in the level of the total WBC (White Blood Cell) count, platelet count, PCV (Packed Cell Volume) and Hb (haemoglobin) concentration were observed. The decreases were dose dependent. The MCH (Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin) and MCHC (Mean Corpuscular Haemoglobin Concentration) except MCV (Mean Corpuscular Volume) significantly decreased in treated group only. The triherbal formulation exhibited significant antioxidant activities showing increased levels of SOD, CAT and Protein content due to activation of the enzyme involve in detoxification of free radicals and decreased in the level of GSH and MDA due to accumulation of peroxides and H2O2. Also, decreased in haematological parameters due to the presence of phytochemicals such as phenol, resins, saponins, sterols, tannis and terpenes in the triherbal formula. Therefore, it has potential to induce haematotoxicity hence consumption of high concentrations should be discouraged.

Foodborne pathogens such as E. coli can be found in large quantities in animal meat. This study was carried out in Sabo Market Ikorodu, Lagos, Nigeria, to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli isolated from meats. The procedure for isolating Escherichia coli was based on the USA-FDA Bacteriological Analytical Manual. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to determine antibiotic resistance patterns in Escherichia coli isolates against eight antibiotics. In the meat samples, the overall prevalence of Escherichia coli was 82.00% (169/200). Escherichia coli was found in sheep meat (87.50%), Guinea fowl (87.50%), cow meat (85.00%), local chicken (77.50%), and goat meat (72.50%). The average coliform count was 3.12 CFU/cm2, with guinea fowl (3.44 log CFU/cm2) having the highest count and local chicken (2.23 log CFU/cm2) having the lowest. The isolates of Escherichia coli were highly resistant to erythromycin (85.00%), tetracycline (73.33%), and ampicillin (73.33%). (71.67%). The MAR index (multiple antibiotic resistance) ranged from 0.13 to 1. Antimicrobial resistance patterns were found in 23 Escherichia coli isolates, with TeAmpE (tetracycline-ampicillin-erythromycin) being the most common. The isolates of Escherichia coli had a multidrug resistance rate of 68.33 percent. The findings revealed that Escherichia coli was commonly found in various meat types and had multidrug resistance, indicating that effective antibiotic stewardship guidelines are needed to streamline antibiotic use in the production industry.

The current increase in the use of multi-herbal remedies coupled with loose regulation on public access to these products underscore research efforts to evaluate their biochemical effect, noting that many of the herbal medicines lack scientific evidence to support their medicinal claims. Objective: We therefore investigated the potential genotoxicity and hematotoxicity of commonly consumed multi-herbal formulations (YoyoBitters, Ogidiga and BabyOku) in Lagos, Nigeria, in experimental mice. Methods: Fifty (50) adult female albino mice were randomly selected and distributed into 5 groups of 10 mice each. Two mL/kg body weight of distilled water were orally administered to the control groups while BabyOku, YoyoBitters and Ogidiga herbal formulations were administered to the experimental groups at doses of 2 mL/kg body weights. Results: A dose- and tissue-dependent increase in induction of apoptotic DNA fragmentation was observed in the triherbal groups relative to control groups. Also, an increase in micronucleated polychromatic erythrocytes was formed in a dose-dependent manner in the multi-herbal groups when compared with the control groups. Conclusion: From our findings, multi-herbal formulations may possess hematotoxic and genotoxic potentials in mice.

The development of precise DNA editing nucleases that induce double-strand breaks (DSBs) - including zinc finger nucleases, TALENs, and CRISPR/Cas systems - has revolutionized gene editing and genome engineering. Endogenous DNA DSB repair mechanisms are often leveraged to enhance editing efficiency and precision. While the non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR) DNA DSB repair pathways have already been the topic of an excellent deal of investigation, an alternate pathway, microhomology-mediated end joining (MMEJ), remains relatively unexplored. However, the MMEJ pathway's ability to supply reproducible and efficient deletions within the course of repair makes it a perfect pathway to be used in gene knockouts. (Microhomology Evoked Deletion Judication EluciDation) may be a random forest machine learning-based method for predicting the extent to which the location of a targeted DNA DSB are going to be repaired using the MMEJ repair pathway. On an independent test set of 24 HeLa cell DSB sites, MEDJED achieved a Pearson coefficient of correlation (PCC) of 81.36%, Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of 10.96%, and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) of13.09%. This performance demonstrates MEDJED's value as a tool for researchers who wish to leverage MMEJ to supply efficient and precise gene knock outs.

DNA sequencing methods were first developed more than 20 years ago with the publication of two approaches to sequencing methodology that became known as Sanger sequencing (1), based on enzymatic synthesis from a single-stranded DNA template with chain termination using dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) and Maxim-Gilbert sequencing (2),which involved chemical degradation ofend-radio-labeled DNA fragments. Both methods relied on four-lane,high resolution polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to separate the labeled fragment and allow the base sequence to be read in a staggered ladder-like fashion. Sanger sequencing was technically easier and faster, and thus became the main DNA sequencing method for the vast majority of applications.